While unprotected sexual intercourse and the use of contaminated injection equipment account for the majority of HIV infections worldwide, other routes of HIV transmission have received less attention. We repo...
The health system in Iraq has undergone progressive decline since the embargo that followed the second gulf war in 1991. The aim of this study is to see barriers to glycemic control form the patient perspectiv...
Tobacco is a leading cause of death globally. There are limited reports on current cigarette smoking prevalence and its associated-antismoking messages among adolescents in conflict zones of the world. We, the...
Authors: Seter Siziya, Emmanuel Rudatsikira and Adamson S Muula
Mobile population groups are at high risk for contracting HIV infection. Many factors contribute to this risk including high prevalence of risky behavior and increased risk of violence due to conflict and war....
Authors: Rukhsana Gazi, Alec Mercer, Tanyaporn Wansom, Humayun Kabir, Nirod Chandra Saha and Tasnim Azim
Decades of neglect and abuses by the Burmese government have decimated the health of the peoples of Burma, particularly along her eastern frontiers, overwhelmingly populated by ethnic minorities such as the Sh...
Myanmar is experiencing an HIV epidemic documented since the late 1980s. The National AIDS Programme national surveillance ante-natal clinics had already estimated in 1993 that 1.4% of pregnant women were HIV ...
Authors: Brian Williams, Daniel Baker, Markus Bühler and Charles Petrie
In March 2003, the United States invaded Iraq. The subsequent number, rates, and causes of mortality in Iraq resulting from the war remain unclear, despite intense international attention. Understanding mortal...
Authors: Christine Tapp, Frederick M Burkle Jr, Kumanan Wilson, Tim Takaro, Gordon H Guyatt, Hani Amad and Edward J Mills
Sierra Leone has undergone a decade of civil war from 1991 to 2001. From this period few data on immunization coverage are available, and conflict-related delays in immunization according to the Expanded Progr...
Authors: Charles Senessie, George N Gage and Erik von Elm
Many adult cigarette smokers initiated the habit as adolescents. Adolescent tobacco use may be a marker of other unhealthy behaviours. There are limited data on the prevalence and correlates of cigarette smoki...
Authors: Seter Siziya, Adamson S Muula and Emmanuel Rudatsikira
Using Geographical Information System (GIS) as a tool to determine access to and gaps in providing HIV counselling and testing (VCT), treatment (ART) and mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services in confli...
Authors: Dick D Chamla, Olushayo Olu, Jennifer Wanyana, Nasan Natseri, Eddie Mukooyo, Sam Okware, Abdikamal Alisalad and Melville George
Although epidemiology is increasingly contributing to policy debates on issues of conflict and human rights, its potential is still underutilized. As a result, this article calls for greater collaboration betw...
In Somalia, a large number of active and former combatants are affected by psychological problems such as Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). This disorder impairs their ability to re-integrate into civilian...
Authors: Michael Odenwald, Birke Lingenfelder, Maggie Schauer, Frank Neuner, Brigitte Rockstroh, Harald Hinkel and Thomas Elbert
Burma records the highest number of malaria deaths in southeast Asia and may represent a reservoir of infection for its neighbors, but the burden of disease and magnitude of transmission among border populatio...
Authors: Adam K Richards, Linda Smith, Luke C Mullany, Catherine I Lee, Emily Whichard, Kristin Banek, Mahn Mahn, Eh Kalu Shwe Oo and Thomas J Lee
Ongoing conflict in the Middle East poses a major threat to health and security. A project screening Arab and Israeli newborns for hearing loss provided an opportunity to evaluate ways for building cooperation...
Market-based health care reform during democratic transition in Bosnia and Herzegovina was complicated by the 1992–1995 war, that devastated the country and greater part of its health care infrastructure. The ...
Conflict and war have long been recognized as determinants of infectious disease risk. Re-emergence of epidemic sleeping sickness in sub-Saharan Africa since the 1970s has coincided with extensive civil confli...
Little is known about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) awareness among Afghan injecting drug users (IDUs), many of whom initiated injecting as refugees. We explored whether differences in HIV awareness and k...
Authors: Catherine S Todd, Abdullah MS Abed, Steffanie A Strathdee, Paul T Scott, Boulos A Botros, Naqibullah Safi and Kenneth C Earhart
Conflict in Chechnya has resulted in over a decade of violence, human rights abuses, criminality and poverty, and a steady flow of displaced seeking refuge throughout the region. At the beginning of 2004 MSF u...
Authors: Kaz de Jong, Saskia van der Kam, Nathan Ford, Sally Hargreaves, Richard van Oosten, Debbie Cunningham, Gerry Boots, Elodie Andrault and Rolf Kleber
Since 1986, northern Uganda has been severely affected by civil strife with most of its population currently living internally displaced in protected camps. This study aims at estimating the HIV-1 prevalence a...
Authors: Massimo Fabiani, Barbara Nattabi, Chiara Pierotti, Filippo Ciantia, Alex A Opio, Joshua Musinguzi, Emintone O Ayella and Silvia Declich
The fields of expertise of natural disasters and complex emergencies (CEs) are quite distinct, with different tools for mitigation and response as well as different types of competent organizations and qualifi...
Authors: Paul B Spiegel, Phuoc Le, Mija-Tesse Ververs and Peter Salama
