Articles

The governmental health policy-development process for Syrian refugees: an embedded qualitative case studies in Lebanon and Ontario

The unprecedented amount of resources dedicated to humanitarian aid has led many stakeholders to demand the use of reliable evidence in humanitarian aid decisions to ensure that desired impacts are achieved at...

Authors: Ahmad Firas Khalid, John N. Lavis, Fadi El-Jardali and Meredith Vanstone

Ecologies of care: mental health and psychosocial support for war-affected youth in the U.S.

Youth resettling to the U.S. from conflict-affected countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) face countless challenges. As they cope with their experiences of armed conflict and forced migration, t...

Authors: Cyril Bennouna, Maria Gandarilla Ocampo, Flora Cohen, Mashal Basir, Carine Allaf, Michael Wessells and Lindsay Stark

Exposure to family and organized violence and associated mental health in north Korean refugee youth compared to south Korean youth

Studies on populations affected by organized violence have shown elevated levels of family violence against children. This form of violence has been found to contribute to children’s psychopathology independen...

Authors: Jinme Park, Claudia Catani, Katharin Hermenau and Thomas Elbert

A systematic review of monitoring and evaluation indicators for sexual and reproductive health in humanitarian settings

To conduct a comprehensive mapping of published indicators for monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services and outcomes in humanitarian settings.

Authors: Elena T. Broaddus-Shea, Loulou Kobeissi, Osama Ummer and Lale Say

“With every passing day I feel like a candle, melting little by little.” experiences of long-term displacement amongst Syrian refugees in Shatila, Lebanon

Long term displacement and exposure to challenging living conditions can influence family dynamics; gender roles; violence at home and in the community and mental well-being. This qualitative study explores th...

Authors: Hanadi Syam, Emilie Venables, Bernard Sousse, Nathalie Severy, Luz Saavedra and Francois Kazour

Correction to: Informal healthcare provision in Lebanon: an adaptive mechanism among displaced Syrian health professionals in a protracted crisis

The original publication of this article [1] contained an incomplete funding section. The full funding section is listed in this correction article. The missing information is indicated in bold.

Authors: Gladys Honein-AbouHaidar, Aya Noubani, Nour El Arnaout, Sharif Ismail, Hana Nimer, Marilyne Menassa, Adam P. Coutts, Diana Rayes, Lamis Jomaa, Shadi Saleh and Fouad M. Fouad

Documentation of human rights abuses among Rohingya refugees from Myanmar

Decades of persecution culminated in a statewide campaign of organized, systematic, and violent eviction of the Rohingya people by the Myanmar government beginning in August 2017. These attacks included the bu...

Authors: Rohini J. Haar, Karen Wang, Homer Venters, Satu Salonen, Rupa Patel, Tamaryn Nelson, Ranit Mishori and Parveen K. Parmar

Qualitative evidence of crimes against humanity: the August 2017 attacks on the Rohingya in northern Rakhine State, Myanmar

The Rohingya ethnic minority population in northern Rakhine state, Myanmar, have experienced some of the most protracted situations of persecution. Government-led clearance operations in August 2017 were one o...

Authors: Nicole Messner, Andrea Woods, Agnes Petty, Parveen K. Parmar, Jennifer Leigh, Ernest Thomas, Douglass Curry, Homer Venters, Andra Gilbert, Tamaryn Nelson and Ed Lester

Informal healthcare provision in Lebanon: an adaptive mechanism among displaced Syrian health professionals in a protracted crisis

Syrian healthcare workers (HCWs) are among those who fled the Syrian conflict only to face further social and economic challenges in host countries. In Lebanon, this population group cannot formally practice, ...

Authors: Gladys Honein-AbouHaidar, Aya Noubani, Nour El Arnaout, Sharif Ismail, Hana Nimer, Marilyne Menassa, Adam P. Coutts, Diana Rayes, Lamis Jomaa, Shadi Saleh and Fouad M. Fouad

Does refugee status matter? Medical needs of newly arrived asylum seekers and resettlement refugees - a retrospective observational study of diagnoses in a primary care setting

Providing adequate healthcare to newly arrived refugees is considered one of the significant challenges for the German healthcare system. These refugees can be classified mainly into two groups: asylum seekers...

Authors: Evelyn Kleinert, Frank Müller, Ghefar Furaijat, Nele Hillermann, Alexandra Jablonka, Christine Happle and Anne Simmenroth

Developing an integrated intervention to address intimate partner violence and psychological distress in Congolese refugee women in Tanzania

Multi-sectoral, integrated interventions have long been recommended for addressing mental health and its social determinants (e.g., gender-based violence) in settings of ongoing adversity. We developed an inte...

Authors: M. Claire Greene, Susan Rees, Samuel Likindikoki, Ann G. Bonz, Amy Joscelyne, Debra Kaysen, Reginald D. V. Nixon, Tasiana Njau, Marian T. A. Tankink, Agnes Tiwari, Peter Ventevogel, Jessie K. K. Mbwambo and Wietse A. Tol

Cardiovascular Disease among Syrian refugees: a descriptive study of patients in two Médecins Sans Frontières clinics in northern Lebanon

Literature on the burden and management of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in humanitarian settings is limited. This study aimed to describe patient characteristics and explore both service use ...

Authors: Philippa Boulle, Albane Sibourd-Baudry, Éimhín Ansbro, David Prieto Merino, Nadine Saleh, Rouba Karen Zeidan and Pablo Perel

Maternal and child access to care and intensity of conflict in the occupied Palestinian territory: a pseudo-longitudinal analysis (2000–2014)

In the occupied Palestinian territory (oPt), access to maternal and child healthcare (MCH) services are constrained due to the prolonged Israeli military occupation, the Separation Wall, army checkpoints, and ...

Authors: Tiziana Leone, Diego Alburez-Gutierrez, Rula Ghandour, Ernestina Coast and Rita Giacaman

Prevalence and correlates of intimate partner violence against women in conflict affected northern Uganda: a cross-sectional study

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is an important public health issue as it impacts negatively on health, economic and development outcomes. In conflict affected northern Uganda, IPV prevalence is high and addit...

Authors: Eleanor Black, Heather Worth, Susan Clarke, James Henry Obol, Peter Akera, Agnes Awor, Mike Sevenska Shabiti, Helen Fry and Robyn Richmond

In island containment: a qualitative exploration of social support systems among asylum seekers in a mental health care programme on Lesvos Island, Greece

Social support is a core determinant of health and plays a key role in the healing process of people with mental health problems and those who have been exposed to torture or other traumatic events. At the sam...

Authors: Maria Episkopou, Emilie Venables, Katherine Whitehouse, Christos Eleftherakos, Federica Zamatto, Francisco de Bartolome Gisbert, Nathalie Severy, Declan Barry and Rafael Van den Bergh

High levels of mortality, exposure to violence and psychological distress experienced by the internally displaced population of Ein Issa camp prior to and during their displacement in Northeast Syria, November 2017

War in Syria has lasted for more than eight years, causing population displacement, collapse of medical and public health services, extensive violence and countless deaths. Since November 2016, military operat...

Authors: Larissa Vernier, Vanessa Cramond, Maartje Hoetjes, Annick Lenglet, Thomas Hoare, Rami Malaeb and Antonio Isidro Carrion Martin

An evaluation of a tuberculosis case-finding and treatment program among Syrian refugees—Jordan and Lebanon, 2013–2015

The displacement crisis in Syria poses challenges for tuberculosis (TB) control across the region. Since 2012 in Jordan and 2013 in Lebanon, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) has supported the...

Authors: Andrew T. Boyd, Susan T. Cookson, Ibrahim Almashayek, Hiam Yaacoub, M. Saiful Qayyum and Aleksandar Galev

Assessment of the health needs of Syrian refugees in Lebanon and Syria’s neighboring countries

Health needs of displaced Syrians in refugee hosting countries have become increasingly complex in light of the protracted Syrian conflict. The primary aim of this study was to identify the primary health need...

Authors: Nour El Arnaout, Spencer Rutherford, Thurayya Zreik, Dana Nabulsi, Nasser Yassin and Shadi Saleh

Formative psychosocial evaluation using dynamic networks: trauma, stressors, and distress among Darfur refugees living in Chad

Research on the impact of various types of stressors on refugee wellbeing may not readily inform those designing interventions about the supports that will be most helpful in particular settings. Composite var...

Authors: Candace Mootoo, Christine Fountain and Andrew Rasmussen

Ethical, methodological, and contextual challenges in research in conflict settings: the case of Syrian refugee children in Lebanon

Research within conflict settings challenges the ethical assumptions of traditional research practice. The tensions between theory and practice were evident in a study of working children among Syrian refugee ...

Authors: Rima R. Habib

The blast wounded of Raqqa, Syria: observational results from an MSF-supported district hospital

In June 2017, the U.S.-backed Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) launched a military operation to retake the city of Raqqa, Syria, from the so-called Islamic State. The city population incurred mass numbers of wou...

Authors: Jennifer OKeeffe, Larissa Vernier, Vanessa Cramond, Shazeer Majeed, Antonio Isidro Carrion Martin, Maartje Hoetjes and Mohana Amirtharajah

Essential newborn care practice at four primary health facilities in conflict affected areas of Bossaso, Somalia: a cross-sectional study

Newborn mortality is increasingly concentrated in contexts of conflict and political instability. However, there are limited guidelines and data on the availability and quality of newborn care in conflict sett...

Authors: Ribka Amsalu, Catherine N. Morris, Kingsley Chukwumalu, Michelle Hynes, Shehryar Janjua, Alexia Couture, Aimee Summers, Amy Cannon, Erin N. Hulland and Sabine Baunach

“What’s happening in Syria even affects the rocks”: a qualitative study of the Syrian refugee experience accessing noncommunicable disease services in Jordan

Humanitarian actors and host-countries in the Middle East and North Africa region are challenged with meeting the health needs of Syrian refugees and adjusting the response to contemporary humanitarian conditi...

Authors: Zahirah Zahrah McNatt, Patricia Elaine Freels, Hannah Chandler, Muhammad Fawad, Sandy Qarmout, Amani Saleh Al-Oraibi and Neil Boothby

Examining intersections between violence against women and violence against children: perspectives of adolescents and adults in displaced Colombian communities

Research examining the interrelated drivers of household violence against women and violence against children is nascent, particularly in humanitarian settings. Gaps remain in understanding how relocation, dis...

Authors: Jennifer J. Mootz, Lindsay Stark, Elizabeth Meyer, Khudejha Asghar, Arturo Harker Roa, Alina Potts, Catherine Poulton, Mendy Marsh, Amy Ritterbusch and Cyril Bennouna

Reproductive health in humanitarian settings in Lebanon and Iraq: results from four cross-sectional studies, 2014–2015

Reproductive health is an important component of humanitarian response. Displaced women need access to family planning, antenatal care, and the presence of a skilled birth attendant at delivery. Since the begi...

Authors: Marta A. Balinska, Robin Nesbitt, Zeina Ghantous, Iza Ciglenecki and Nelly Staderini

Predictors of posttraumatic growth among conflict-related sexual violence survivors from Bosnia and Herzegovina

Conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) was committed on a large scale against women across Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) during the 1990’s war, and research has shown both negative and positive psychosocial ou...

Authors: Kimberley Anderson, Amra Delić, Ivan Komproe, Esmina Avdibegović, Elisa van Ee and Heide Glaesmer

Nutritional profile of Syrian refugee children before resettlement

The year 2015 marked the highest number of refugees globally and included record numbers of Syrians moving to neighboring countries. Half of the Syrians were children aged ≤18 years. Our study sought to examin...

Authors: Sweetmavourneen Pernitez-Agan, Kolitha Wickramage, Catherine Yen, Elizabeth Dawson-Hahn, Tarissa Mitchell and Dominik Zenner

‘We just been forced to do it’: exploring victimization and agency among internally displaced young mothers in Bogotá

Armed conflict in Colombia has a history of 50 years that continues to this day. According to the Victims Record of Colombia, from 1985 to 2013 2.683.335 women have been victims of the armed conflict. Women ha...

Authors: Yazmin Cadena-Camargo, Anja Krumeich, Maria Claudia Duque-Páramo and Klasien Horstman

Localisation and cross-border assistance to deliver humanitarian health services in North-West Syria: a qualitative inquiry for The Lancet-AUB Commission on Syria

In a growing number of humanitarian crises, “remote management” is negotiated across borders and implemented by humanitarian agencies through “local actors” to deliver assistance. However, the narrative descri...

Authors: Diane Duclos, Abdulkarim Ekzayez, Fatima Ghaddar, Francesco Checchi and Karl Blanchet

Diphtheria outbreak in Yemen: the impact of conflict on a fragile health system

War in Yemen started three years ago, and continues unabated with a steadily rising number of direct and indirect victims thus leaving the majority of Yemen’s population in dire need of humanitarian assistance...

Authors: Fekri Dureab, Maysoon Al-Sakkaf, Osan Ismail, Naasegnibe Kuunibe, Johannes Krisam, Olaf Müller and Albrecht Jahn

Precarious hope and reframing risk behavior from the ground up: insight from ethnographic research with Rwandan urban refugees in Yaoundé, Cameroon

Theoretical and methodological research on risk-taking practices often frames risk as an individual choice. While risk does occur at individual level, it is determined by aspirations which are connected to oth...

Authors: Kelly Ann Yotebieng, Nathan Fakult, Paschal Kum Awah and Jennifer L. Syvertsen

Prevalence and associated factors of stunting and thinness among adolescent Somalian refugee girls living in eastern Somali refugee camps, Somali regional state, Southeast Ethiopia

Adolescence is a critical time of life stage with a continuum of physical, cognitive, behavioral and psychosocial changes. It is also a period of physical growth, reproductive maturation and cognitive transfor...

Authors: Melaku Tadege Engidaw and Alemayehu Digssie Gebremariam

Serious psychological distress and disability among older persons living in conflict affected areas in eastern Ukraine: a cluster-randomized cross-sectional household survey

Older persons are often unable to leave conflict areas; however, little is known about the mental and physical health among this population. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of and whether there w...

Authors: Aimee Summers, Eva Leidman, Isabel Maria Pereira Figueira Periquito and Oleg O. Bilukha

Deaths, injuries and detentions during civil demonstrations in Sudan: a secondary data analysis

Since December 2018, the latest wave of anti-government protests in Sudan has led to deaths, injuries and detentions. We estimated the number of people killed and described patterns of deaths, injuries and det...

Authors: Maysoon Dahab, Nada Abdelmagid, Ahmed Kodouda and Francesco Checchi

Migration patterns & their associations with health and human rights in eastern Myanmar after political transition: results of a population-based survey using multistaged household cluster sampling

Myanmar transitioned to a nominally civilian government in March 2011. It is unclear how, if at all, this political change has impacted migration at the household level.

Authors: Parveen K. Parmar, Charlene Barina, Sharon Low, Kyaw Thura Tun, Conrad Otterness, Pue P. Mhote, Saw Nay Htoo, Saw Win Kyaw, Nai Aye Lwin, Cynthia Maung, Naw Merry Moo, Eh. Kalu Shwee Oo, Daniel Reh, Nai Chay Mon, Xinkai Zhou and Adam K. Richards

The long-term health consequences of genocide: developing GESQUQ - a genocide studies checklist

Genocide is an atrocity that seeks to destroy whole populations, leaving empty countries, empty spaces and empty memories, but also a large health burden among survivors is enormous. We propose a genocide repo...

Authors: Jutta Lindert, Ichiro Kawachi, Haim Y. Knobler, Moshe Z. Abramowitz, Sandro Galea, Bayard Roberts, Richard Mollica and Martin McKee

Gender disparities and psychological distress among humanitarian migrants in Australia: a moderating role of migration pathway?

The role of migration pathway (refugees vs. asylum seekers) is seldom addressed in extant literature that looks at gender and mental health of humanitarian migrants. The aim of this study is to assess the rela...

Authors: Yara Jarallah and Janeen Baxter

Treating Syrian refugees with diabetes and hypertension in Shatila refugee camp, Lebanon: Médecins Sans Frontières model of care and treatment outcomes

Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) has been providing primary care for non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which have been increasing in low to middle-income countries, in the Shatila refugee camp, Beirut, Lebanon, ...

Authors: Maysoon Kayali, Krystel Moussally, Chantal Lakis, Mohamad Ali Abrash, Carla Sawan, Anthony Reid and Jeffrey Edwards

“The more children you have, the more praise you get from the community”: exploring the role of sociocultural context and perceptions of care on maternal and newborn health among Somali refugees in UNHCR supported camps in Kenya

Maternal and neonatal survival are key components of population health and may be particularly vulnerable in humanitarian contexts of civil unrest and displacement. Understanding what factors contribute to poo...

Authors: Stephanie Gee, Josep Vargas and Angel M. Foster

The nursing profession: a critical component of the growing need for a nuclear global health workforce

Instability in the global geopolitical climate and the continuing spread of nuclear weapons and increase in their lethality has made the exchange of nuclear weapons or a terrorist attack upon a nuclear power p...

Authors: Tener Goodwin Veenema, Frederick M. Burkle Jr and Cham E. Dallas

Host country responses to non-communicable diseases amongst Syrian refugees: a review

Since the beginning of the Syrian conflict in 2011, Jordan, Lebanon and Turkey have hosted large refugee populations, with a high pre-conflict burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs).

Authors: Chaza Akik, Hala Ghattas, Sandra Mesmar, Miriam Rabkin, Wafaa M. El-Sadr and Fouad M. Fouad

Utilization of primary health care services among Syrian refugee and Lebanese women targeted by the ICRC program in Lebanon: a cross-sectional study

The Syrian crisis has put tremendous strain on the Lebanese health system, particularly in the historically underserved border region. The ICRC Primary Health Care program has focused on refugee and host commu...

Authors: Claudia Truppa, Enrica Leresche, Arlan F. Fuller, Ariana S. Marnicio, Josyann Abisaab, Nicole El Hayek, Carla Zmeter, Warda S. Toma, Hilda Harb, Randa S. Hamadeh and Jennifer Leaning

Social norms and beliefs about gender based violence scale: a measure for use with gender based violence prevention programs in low-resource and humanitarian settings

Gender-based violence (GBV) primary prevention programs seek to facilitate change by addressing the underlying causes and drivers of violence against women and girls at a population level. Social norms are con...

Authors: Nancy Perrin, Mendy Marsh, Amber Clough, Amelie Desgroppes, Clement Yope Phanuel, Ali Abdi, Francesco Kaburu, Silje Heitmann, Masumi Yamashina, Brendan Ross, Sophie Read-Hamilton, Rachael Turner, Lori Heise and Nancy Glass

Cost-effectiveness of birth-dose hepatitis B vaccination among refugee populations in the African region: a series of case studies

Hepatitis B affects 257 million people worldwide. Mother-to-child hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission is a preventable cause of substantial morbidity and mortality and poses greatest risk for developing chron...

Authors: Joseph Michael Reardon, Siobhán M. O’Connor, Joseph D. Njau, Eugene K. Lam, Catherine A. Staton and Susan T. Cookson

Internet searching produces misleading findings regarding violent deaths in crisis settings: short report

Donor and agency priorities are influenced by a variety of political, social, and media-related forces that can have a profound impact on response and resource provision. We have attempted to assess how well i...

Authors: Mary Grace Flaherty and Leslie F. Roberts

Construct validity and factor structure of sense of coherence (SoC-13) scale as a measure of resilience in Eritrean refugees living in Ethiopia

There is a scarcity of adapted measures to study resilience and mental health of people in humanitarian settings in Africa. The aim of this study was to identify the factor structure and other psychometric pro...

Authors: Berhanie Getnet and Atalay Alem

Approaches to protect and maintain health care services in armed conflict – meeting SDGs 3 and 16

The escalation of conflict in the Middle East coincides with an emerging trend of attacks on healthcare. Protection of health personnel, health services and humanitarian workers is no longer respected. This co...

Authors: Philippa Druce, Ekaterina Bogatyreva, Frederik Francois Siem, Scott Gates, Hanna Kaade, Johanne Sundby, Morten Rostrup, Catherine Andersen, Siri Camilla Aas Rustad, Andrew Tchie, Robert Mood, Håvard Mokleiv Nygård, Henrik Urdal and Andrea Sylvia Winkler

Integration of health services, access and utilization by refugees and host populations in West Nile districts, Uganda

Prolonged civil war and unrest has dominated the short history of South Sudan resulting in the long-term displacement of millions of people since the 1990s. Since December 2013, over one million South Sudanese...

Authors: Henry Komakech, Lynn Atuyambe and Christopher Garimoi Orach

Access to care for non-communicable diseases in Mosul, Iraq between 2014 and 2017: a rapid qualitative study

During June 2014 to April 2017, the population of Mosul, Iraq lived in a state of increasing isolation from the rest of Iraq due to the city’s occupation by the Islamic State group. As part of a study to devel...

Authors: Louisa M. Baxter, Manal Shams Eldin, Ali Al Mohammed, Malika Saim and Francesco Checchi

Shortcomings in addressing attacks on health care

Authors: Dilshad Jaff