Table 1 Number of documents identifying key issues on conflict & health in Tigray, North Ethiopia, 2020–2022

Attacks on facilities and personnel [5,6,7, 15, 16, 18,19,20,21,22, 24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33, 35, 36, 38, 39, 44,45,46, 49, 52]

29

 Infrastructure [7, 15, 16, 18,19,20,21,22, 24,25,26, 28,29,30,31,32, 35, 36, 38, 39, 44,45,46, 49]

24

  Health centre [7, 20, 21, 24,25,26, 28, 29, 31, 39, 44,45,46]

13

  Hospital [7, 16, 19, 21, 24,25,26, 28, 39, 44, 46]

11

  Health post [7, 21, 25, 26, 39, 44, 46]

7

 Personnel/aid workers [5,6,7, 19,20,21, 24, 27, 31, 44,45,46, 52]

13

  Aid workers [5, 31, 45, 46, 52]

5

  Health workers in Tigray health facilities [5,6,7, 19,20,21, 24, 27, 44,45,46, 52]

12

   No salary payment [5,6,7, 27, 46]

5

   Killed [20, 24, 46, 52]

4

   Displacement [7, 19, 44, 46]

4

   Threatened, harassed, or blocked not deliver services [21, 44,45,46]

4

 Ambulance/aid trucks [5, 7, 19, 20, 24, 32, 33, 45, 46]

9

  Ambulance [5, 7, 19, 20, 24, 46]

6

  Aid trucks/NGO vehicles [32, 33, 45, 46]

4

 Closing roads/checkpoints to patients [18, 30, 35, 45, 46]

5

Interruptions/lack of social or health services [5,6,7, 15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29, 31,32,33, 35, 36, 41, 44,45,46, 48,49,50, 52]

31

Siege and interruption of social services [5, 6, 17, 19, 20, 23, 25,26,27,28,29, 44,45,46, 48]

15

 Siege [5, 6, 17, 25, 26, 28, 29, 46]

8

 Telecommunications [5, 17, 20, 25, 29, 46, 48]

7

 Fuels [17, 25, 29, 44, 46, 48]

6

 Banking [5, 17, 23, 25, 46, 48]

6

Suspension of NGOs (MSF and NRC) [5, 27, 31, 46]

4

Interruption of health services [5,6,7, 15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22, 24,25,26,27,28, 31,32,33, 35, 36, 41, 45, 46, 48,49,50, 52]

28

 Shortage or lack of basic/emergency diagnostic supplies and medications (e.g. shortage of glove, insulin, or diagnostic tests, or cancelation of surgery) [5,6,7, 15, 20, 22, 24, 25, 27, 28, 31, 33, 35, 45, 46, 48, 49, 52]

18

 Interruption of NCDs services [5,6,7, 15,16,17,18, 21, 22, 25,26,27, 32, 35, 36, 41, 45, 46, 50]

19

  HIV [5, 27, 32, 41, 45, 46]

6

  Cancer services [17, 22, 25, 35, 46]

5

  Renal diseases [6, 15, 16, 46]

4

  Diabetic mellitus [32, 46, 50]

3

  Cardiac illnesses [32, 36]

2

  Tuberculosis [5, 46]

2

 Stoppage/interruption of child vaccination services [5, 31, 45, 46, 49]

5

 Collapse of maternal health services [7, 26, 46]

3

 Stoppage of health extension program [7, 19, 46]

3

 Interruption of Covid-19 services [5, 20, 46]

3

Outcomes/impacts resulted from attacks/interruptions [5, 7, 15,16,17,18,19,20,21, 23, 24, 26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38, 40,41,42, 44,45,46,47,48,49]

33

 Food insecurity [7, 19, 20, 23, 28,29,30, 34, 35, 42, 46, 47]

12

 Malnutrition [5, 7, 20, 21, 23, 26, 29, 31, 34, 46, 47]

11

  Children [5, 7, 20, 23, 29, 31, 34, 46, 47]

9

  Pregnant and lactating mothers [5, 7, 20, 26, 29, 31, 46, 47]

8

  Doctors [21, 23]

2

 Displacement (external [21, 28, 33, 46]) [5, 7, 20, 21, 28, 30, 33, 35, 36, 46, 48]

11 (4)

 Deaths (Massacre [5, 21, 24, 28, 32, 45]) [5, 21, 24, 27, 28, 32, 35, 36, 45, 46, 48]

11 (6)

 Sexual & gender-based violence [5, 7, 19,20,21, 24, 26, 28, 32, 35, 44,45,46]

17

 Reported lost-to-follow-up or mortality of NCDs patients [7, 15, 16, 20, 32, 37, 40, 41, 46]

9

  HIV [20, 32, 41, 46]

4

  Diabetic mellitus [7, 32, 46]

3

  Renal diseases [15, 16, 37]

3

  Cardiac illnesses [32, 40]

2

  Cancer patients [48]

1

  Tuberculosis [46]

1

 Outbreaks [5, 7, 29,30,31, 46, 49]

7

  Malaria [5, 7, 30, 46]

3

  Vaccine preventable illnesses [7, 46, 49]

3

  Cholera [5, 7, 46]

3

 Fistula [18, 26]

2

 Mental health [38]

1

 Vicarious trauma to health workers [15,16,17, 27]

4

 Violations (ethnic cleansing [5, 32]) [5, 28, 32, 38, 46]

5 (2)

Response, rebuilding, and recommendations [6, 15, 16, 18, 20, 21, 23, 24, 28, 29, 35,36,37, 39, 43,44,45, 48, 50,51,52]

21

Response such as using expired drugs or chemotherapies, re-washing gloves [15, 29, 48, 51, 52]

5

Rebuilding such as considering health extension program or training health workers [18, 20, 24, 43,44,45]

6

Suggestions/recommendations [6, 15, 16, 20, 21, 23, 28, 35,36,37, 39, 45, 48, 50, 51]

15

 Call to lift siege, ceasefire, or allow to humanitarian aid [16, 20, 21, 23, 28, 35,36,37, 45, 48]

10

 Call to professional associations to advocate or support medical aids [15, 28, 36, 48, 50, 51]

6

 Accountability [19, 26, 45, 46]

4

 Call to solidarity of health workers [6, 20, 23]

3

Limitation/methodological challenge [7, 47]

2