Table 1 Characteristics of study participants and bivariate associations of factors with acute malnutrition in 6–59 months age children, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia, 2021 (n = 3614)
Individual and community-level variables | Acute malnutrition | Total | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No (%a) | Yes (%a) | N (%b) | |||
Respondent sex | Female | 1913 (71.4) | 766 (28.6) | 2679 (74.1) | 0.31 |
Male | 728 (77.9) | 207 (22.1) | 935 (25.9) | ||
Child sex | Male | 1309 (74.2) | 454 (25.8) | 1763 (52.5) | 0.034 |
Female | 1139 (71.3) | 458 (28.7) | 1597 (47.5) | ||
Child age in months | 6–8 | 719 (63.5) | 414 (36.5) | 1133 (31.4) | < 0.001 |
9–11 | 694 (63.2) | 404 (36.8) | 1098 (30.4) | ||
12–23 | 124 (73.8) | 44 (26.2) | 168 (4.6) | ||
24–59 | 1104 (90.9) | 111 (9.1) | 1215 (33.6) | ||
Received measles vaccine (missing = 43) | No | 2585 (73.0) | 955 (30.0) | 3540 (99.1) | 0.29 |
Yes | 20 (64.5) | 11 (35.5) | 31 (0.9) | ||
Received deworming tablets (missing = 565) | No | 2161 (71.8) | 848 (28.2) | 3009 (98.7) | 0.43 |
Yes | 31 (77.5) | 9 (22.5) | 40 (1.3) | ||
Number of ANC visits (missing = 221) | None | 1007 (72.1) | 390 (27.9) | 1397 (41.2) | 0.92 |
1 | 245 (72.1) | 95 (27.9) | 340 (10.0) | ||
2 | 282 (73.8) | 100 (26.2) | 382 (11.3) | ||
3 | 342 (72.9) | 127 (27.1) | 469 (13.8) | ||
4 + | 593 (73.7) | 212 (26.3) | 805 (23.7) | ||
Place of delivery (missing = 67) | Home | 1177 (72.5) | 446 (27.5) | 1623 (45.8) | 0.68 |
Health facility | 1385 (73.7) | 495 (26.3) | 1880 (53.0) | ||
Others | 31 (70.5) | 13 (29.5) | 44 (1.2) | ||
Visited by HEWs | No | 2250 (72.9) | 837 (27.1) | 3087 (85.4) | 0.53 |
Yes | 391 (74.2) | 136 (25.8) | 527 (14.6) | ||
Supplemented with Vitamin A | No | 2001 (71.6) | 794 (28.4) | 2795 (81.1) | 0.003 |
Yes | 497 (76.5) | 153 (23.5) | 650 (18.9) | ||
Diarrhea in the last nine months (missing = 14) | No | 1890 (76.1) | 594 (33.9) | 2484 (69.0) | 0.004 |
Yes | 739 (66.2) | 377 (33.8) | 1116 (31.0) | ||
Sought treatment for the diarrhea (n = 1116) | No | 456 (64.1) | 255 (35.9) | 711 (63.7) | 0.049 |
Yes | 283 (69.9) | 122 (30.1) | 405 (36.3) | ||
Cough in the last nine months (missing = 16) | No | 1451 (75.5) | 470 (24.5) | 1921 (53.4) | 0.44 |
Yes | 1177 (70.2) | 500 (29.8) | 1677 (46.6) | ||
Sought treatment for the cough (n = 1677) | No | 681 (66.5) | 343 (33.5) | 1024 (61.1) | 0.51 |
Yes | 496 (76.0) | 157 (34.0) | 653 (38.9) | ||
Fever in the last nine months (missing = 14) | No | 1728 (76.3) | 537 (23.7) | 2265 (62.9) | 0.09 |
Yes | 901 (67.5) | 434 (32.5) | 1335 (37.1) | ||
Sought treatment for the fever (n = 1335) | No | 513 (63.0) | 301 (37.0) | 814 (61.0) | 0.39 |
Yes | 388 (74.5) | 133 (25.5) | 521 (39.0) | ||
HFIAS | Food secure | 397 (79.7) | 101 (20.3) | 498 (13.8) | < 0.001 |
Mildly food insecure | 83 (65.9) | 43 (34.1) | 126 (3.5) | ||
Moderately food insecure | 670 (78.0) | 189 (22.0) | 859 (23.8) | ||
Severely food insecure | 1491 (70.0) | 640 (30.0) | 2131 (59.0) | ||
Drinking water source | Improvedc | 1776 (74.8) | 597 (25.2) | 2373 (65.7) | 0.001 |
Unimproved | 865 (69.7) | 376 (30.3) | 1241 (34.3) | ||
Toilet facility | Improvedd | 1197 (75.1) | 397 (24.9) | 1594 (44.1) | 0.015 |
Unimproved | 1444 (71.5) | 576 (28.5) | 2020 (55.9) | ||
Hand washing facility close to latrine | No | 2068 (72.4) | 789 (27.6) | 2857 (84.8) | 0.35 |
Yes | 394 (77.0) | 118 (33.0) | 512 (15.2) | ||
Solid waste disposal | Burying/burning | 397 (73.0) | 147 (27.0) | 544 (15.1) | 0.53 |
Disposing off elsewhere | 910 (73.5) | 328 (26.5) | 1238 (34.3) | ||
Disposing off within household yard | 1094 (71.2) | 442 (28.8) | 1536 (42.5) | ||
Other | 240 (81.1) | 56 (18.9) | 296 (8.2) | ||
Liquid waste disposal | Sink/drain connected to pit | 819 (72.7) | 308 (27.3) | 1127 (31.2) | 0.29 |
Sink/drain connected to soak pit | 489 (76.8) | 148 (23.2) | 637 (17.6) | ||
Disposed directly to open ground | 1300 (72.1) | 504 (27.9) | 1804 (49.9) | ||
Other | 33 (71.7) | 13 (28.3) | 46 (1.3) | ||