Table 3 Diseases and syndromes of waterborne diseases reported by EWARN sentinel sites. [39]

Other acute diarrhoea

OAD

Any person with acute diarrhoea (three or more loose stools in the past 24 h), not due to bloody diarrhoeal or suspected cholera

Double the average of the last 3 weeks in a given location

Acute bloody diarrhoea (suspected shigellosis)

ABD

Acute diarrhoea (three or more abnormally loose or fluid stools in the past 24 h) with visible blood in stool (preferably observed by the clinician)

≥ 5 cases in 1 location in 1 week

Acute watery diarrhoea (suspected cholera)

AWD

Any person aged 5 years or more with severe dehydration OR death from acute watery diarrhoea in the past 24 h, with or without vomiting

One case

Acute jaundice syndrome (hepatitis A and E)

AJS

Acute onset of jaundice (yellowing of sclera of eyes or skin or dark urine), AND severe illness (fatigue, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain) AND the absence of any known precipitating factors

≥ 5 cases in 1 location in 1 week

Suspected typhoid fever

STF

Any person with acute illness and fever of at least 38 °C

For 3 or more days with abdominal symptoms (diarrhoea or constipation or abdominal tenderness progressing to prostration) and relative bradycardia OR symptomatic case contacted with confirmed case

≥ 5 cases in 1 location in 1 week