Table 1 Characteristics of studies investigating FGM in humanitarian settings
References | Title | Year | Country | Setting | Study type | Study focus |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Campbell and Sham [28] | Sudan: situational analysis of maternal health in Bara District, North Kordofan | 1995 | Sudan | Bara, Gerejikh and Taiyba rural councils | Qualitative | Consequences |
Cohen [30] | The Reproductive Health Needs of Refugees: Emerging Consensus Attracts Predictable Controversy | 1998 | NA | NA | Policy brief | Intervention (the release and field testing of the Inter-Agency Field Manual for Reproductive Health in Refugee Situations) |
Gately [27] | Sudan: A Humanitarian Response to a Silent Genocide: An American Nurse’s Perspective | 2005 | Sudan | Darfur | Qualitative | Drivers and consequences |
Furuta and Mori [23] | Factors affecting women's health-related behaviors and safe motherhood: a qualitative study from a refugee camp in eastern Sudan | 2008 | Sudan | Um Gargur (refugee camp), Gedaref, Eastern Sudan | Qualitative | Drivers |
Mitike and Deressa [18] | Prevalence and associated factors of female genital mutilation among Somali refugees in eastern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study | 2009 | Ethiopia | Aysha, Kebribeyah, and Hartishek refugee camps | Quantitative | Prevalence and drivers |
Khalife [24] | "They took me and told me nothing": female genital mutilation in Iraqi Kurdistan | 2010 | Iraq | Iraqi Kurdistan | Qualitative | Drivers and consequences |
Plo et al. [17] | Female Genital Mutilation in Infants and Young Girls: Report of Sixty Cases Observed at the General Hospital of Abobo (Abidjan, Cote D’Ivoire, West Africa) | 2014 | Cote D'Ivoire | Abidjan | Quantitative | Prevalence |
Ryan et al. [20] | The impact of emergency situations on female genital mutilation | 2014 | Multi-site case studies | Multi-site case studies | Evidence Synthesis | Prevalence, drivers, consequences, and interventions |
Jinnah and Lowe [26] | Circumcising circumcision: renegotiating beliefs and practices among Somali women in Johannesburg and Nairobi | 2015 | South Africa, Kenya | Urban-Johannesburg and Nairobi | Qualitative | Drivers |
Nyoka et al. [36] | Sanitation practices and perceptions in Kakuma refugee camp, Kenya: Comparing the status quo with a novel service-based approach | 2017 | Kenya | Kakuma refugee camp | Mixed Methods | Interventions |
Im et al. [29] | Polyvictimization and mental health consequences of female genital mutilation/circumcision (FGM/C) among Somali refugees in Kenya | 2019 | Kenya | Eastleigh (Little Mogadishu), urban business district | Quantitative | Consequences |
Ivanova et al. [19] | A cross-sectional mixed-methods study of sexual and reproductive health knowledge, experiences and access to services among refugee adolescent girls in the Nakivalerefugee settlement, Uganda | 2019 | Uganda | Nakivale refugee settlement | Mixed Methods | Prevalence, drivers, and consequences |
Murewanhema [35] | Adolescent girls, a forgotten population in resource-limited settings in the COVID-19 pandemic: implications for sexual and reproductive health outcomes | 2020 | NA | NA | Policy Paper | Drivers and consequences |
UNICEF [21] | The Humanitarian-Development Nexus: The future of protection in the elimination of female genital mutilation | 2020 | Multi-site case studies | 22 countries under joint programe | Evidence Synthesis | Prevalence and interventions |
The Community of Practice on FGM [22] | Preventing and responding to female genital mutilation in emergency and humanitarian contexts results from the virtual international stakeholder dialogue | 2020 | Multi-site case studies | NA | Evidence Synthesis | Prevalence, drivers, and consequences |
Wenzel et al. [34] | FGM and restorative justice—a challenge for developing countries and for refugee women | 2021 | NA | NA | Concept paper with evidence synthesis | Drivers, consequences and interventions |
Swan and Im [25] | Predicting mental health outcomes in a sample of Somali refugee youth: The role of child trauma | 2021 | Kenya | Eastleigh (Little Mogadishu), urban business district | Quantitative | Consequences |