Skip to main content

Table 5 Knowledge, beliefs, and other factors associated with vaccination status, community members only

From: COVID-19 vaccination in the Gaza Strip: a cross-sectional study of vaccine coverage, hesitancy, and associated risk factors among community members and healthcare workers

Characteristic

N

Received vaccine (unweighted)

Received vaccine (weighted)

No, N = 451 (%)

Yes, N = 455 (%)

p valuea

No, N = 715,034 (%)

Yes, N = 689,137 (%)

p valuea

Vaccine hesitant

904

66.82

0.00

< 0.001

66.93

NA

0.004

Type of vaccine received

455

  

< 0.001

  

0.002

 AstraZeneca

 

NA

0.66

 

NA

1.42

 

 Moderna

 

NA

17.80

 

NA

19.91

 

 Pfizer

 

NA

43.52

 

NA

40.69

 

 Sinopharm

 

NA

2.42

 

NA

3.04

 

 Sputnik

 

NA

35.16

 

NA

34.84

 

 Unsure

 

NA

0.44

 

NA

0.10

 

Have enough information about COVID-19 vaccine

906

  

< 0.001

  

0.009

 Yes

 

29.05

50.99

 

31.30

54.62

 

 No or don't know

 

70.95

49.01

 

68.70

45.38

 

Information needed

905

      

 Eligibility criteria

 

35.70

31.72

0.21

51.46

53.24

0.84

 Timeline for vaccine roll-out

 

7.76

6.39

0.42

13.80

11.17

0.18

 Knowing when it's my turn to get the vaccine

 

8.65

3.08

< 0.001

12.34

5.63

0.007

 Doses needed

 

21.73

16.96

0.070

27.64

21.53

0.057

 Risks and side effects

 

89.14

80.84

< 0.001

90.57

85.06

0.22

 Effectiveness of the vaccines

 

74.94

74.01

0.75

82.28

82.00

0.92

 How to register for the vaccine

 

11.53

3.96

< 0.001

11.82

7.51

0.038

Common source of information about health and vaccines

904

      

 Health care providers

 

58.00

70.26

< 0.001

55.83

65.31

0.21

 Community health care workers

 

20.89

25.99

0.071

13.18

16.33

0.26

 Radio

 

14.22

10.35

0.077

13.80

13.03

0.67

 Television

 

31.33

28.19

0.30

32.92

28.55

0.38

 Newspapers

 

2.22

2.86

0.54

1.13

1.91

0.072

 Mass events

 

10.00

3.96

< 0.001

9.15

2.45

0.014

 Family

 

28.44

19.60

0.002

37.18

30.26

0.12

 Neighbors, friends, colleagues

 

40.67

27.97

< 0.001

49.73

35.40

0.008

 Local leaders

 

2.00

3.08

0.30

1.87

3.34

0.27

 Religious leaders

 

2.67

5.29

0.044

3.59

7.08

0.028

 Social media

 

60.44

56.39

0.22

61.33

61.64

0.95

 Organizations

 

10.22

22.47

< 0.001

12.13

24.47

0.10

Trusted source of information

906

      

 Health care providers

 

62.53

75.38

< 0.001

62.60

72.08

0.053

 Community health care workers

 

23.28

26.59

0.25

24.94

28.99

0.19

 Local leaders

 

0.89

0.44

0.41

0.44

0.40

0.96

 Religious leaders

 

1.11

1.32

0.77

0.84

0.83

0.99

 Family members

 

5.54

3.74

0.20

7.33

5.92

0.24

 Neighbors, friends, colleagues

 

7.10

3.52

0.016

9.41

3.72

0.10

 Organizations

 

11.31

21.10

< 0.001

11.25

20.62

0.067

 Media

 

16.85

8.57

< 0.001

16.37

10.28

0.17

 Radio

 

2.44

3.08

0.56

3.42

1.93

0.067

 Television

 

10.42

8.57

0.34

12.31

9.44

0.31

 Other

 

7.54

5.27

0.16

6.18

5.48

0.61

Trust health providers and CHWs to provide with accurate information about the COVID-19 vaccine

903

  

< 0.001

  

0.007

 No or don't know

 

17.56

11.26

 

19.29

11.91

 

 Yes

 

49.11

65.12

 

45.18

60.33

 

 Somewhat

 

33.33

23.62

 

35.53

27.76

 

Follow social media platforms to get info about vaccine

906

  

> 0.99

  

0.81

 No or don't know

 

24.39

24.40

 

20.28

19.28

 

 Yes

 

75.61

75.60

 

79.72

80.72

 

Social media platforms used to get info about vaccine

685

      

 Facebook

 

99.12

97.09

0.052

99.84

98.33

0.057

 Twitter

 

15.54

20.35

0.10

13.70

22.45

0.057

 Instagram

 

39.59

36.63

0.43

45.96

45.26

0.87

 YouTube

 

22.58

24.71

0.51

20.70

23.95

0.14

Shares information related to vaccine on social media network

863

14.66

25.23

< 0.001

10.56

20.58

0.061

How do you know info about vaccine from social media is true

906

  

< 0.001

  

0.003

 I do not verify

 

34.59

18.68

 

40.26

18.96

 

 Other

 

16.41

13.19

 

14.75

15.78

 

 Verify from reputable website or health care provider

 

49.00

68.13

 

44.98

65.26

 

Do leaders (religious, political, teachers, health care workers) in your community support the COVID-19 vaccines?

525

  

0.061

  

0.62

 No or don't know

 

29.96

22.76

 

29.09

27.26

 

 Yes

 

70.04

77.24

 

70.91

72.74

 

Most people you know interested in getting the COVID-19 vaccine

906

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

 No or don't know

 

37.47

19.78

 

38.12

18.12

 

 Yes

 

22.84

44.84

 

23.38

47.36

 

 Somewhat

 

39.69

35.38

 

38.50

34.52

 

How many people in your community are concerned about COVID-19 in the community

691

  

0.022

  

0.015

 Few or some people, less than half

 

21.51

19.82

 

26.57

28.96

 

 Most people

 

36.59

28.23

 

29.59

15.69

 

 Some people—more than half

 

41.90

51.95

 

43.84

55.36

 

COVID-19 vaccines will or are being rolled out equitably in community

902

  

0.056

  

0.17

 No or don't know

 

22.05

17.00

 

24.89

21.93

 

 Yes

 

77.95

83.00

 

75.11

78.07

 

Knows somebody that had a serious negative reaction to a vaccine that makes them reluctant to get COVID-19 vaccine

905

  

< 0.001

  

0.052

 Yes

 

37.69

25.99

 

39.81

27.37

 

 Somewhat

 

13.97

11.45

 

19.65

17.30

 

 No or Don't know

 

48.34

62.56

 

40.54

55.34

 

Consider COVID-19 vaccines safe

905

  

< 0.001

  

0.001

 No or don't know

 

65.33

23.74

 

65.82

20.21

 

 Yes

 

8.00

37.58

 

7.33

34.76

 

 Somewhat

 

26.67

38.68

 

26.85

45.03

 

Concerned about risks or side effects with COVID-19 vaccines

906

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

 No or don't know

 

10.42

36.04

 

11.71

44.56

 

 Yes

 

79.16

38.24

 

79.35

32.14

 

 Somewhat

 

10.42

25.71

 

8.93

23.30

 

Type of risks or side effects concerned about

693

      

 Fever

 

53.60

54.14

0.89

58.20

54.86

0.56

 Body aches

 

62.78

60.00

0.46

68.28

61.44

0.28

 Infertility

 

26.80

20.00

0.039

30.55

24.48

0.11

 Physical disability

 

30.27

17.93

< 0.001

27.80

12.88

0.007

 Death

 

60.30

35.52

< 0.001

59.20

36.01

0.035

 Other

 

16.63

13.10

0.20

22.75

17.73

0.15

Type of COVID vaccine preferred

905

  

< 0.001

  

0.001

 Other

 

0.00

0.22

 

0.00

0.01

 

 No preference

 

37.78

15.82

 

41.86

17.75

 

 Pfizer

 

33.56

47.47

 

33.42

43.90

 

 Sputnik

 

16.22

25.93

 

15.67

28.45

 

 Moderna

 

1.11

6.59

 

1.12

7.20

 

 Unsure

 

9.78

3.08

 

6.49

0.99

 

 Sinopharm

 

1.56

0.88

 

1.43

1.69

 

Believe there are other (better) ways to prevent COVID-19 instead of vaccine

906

  

< 0.001

  

0.033

 No or don't know

 

20.84

48.13

 

19.11

51.53

 

 Yes

 

65.41

33.63

 

63.30

30.06

 

 Somewhat

 

13.75

18.24

 

17.59

18.41

 

Better ways to prevent COVID-19 instead of vaccine

448

      

 Social distance

 

83.05

86.27

0.38

83.97

87.96

0.49

 Handwashing

 

76.61

79.08

0.55

79.04

78.38

0.82

 Infection prevention and control

 

45.42

42.48

0.55

54.40

45.52

0.15

 Ventilation

 

47.46

44.44

0.54

56.17

47.86

0.060

 Wearing face masks

 

76.61

81.70

0.22

76.99

82.66

0.10

Know any person with a serious disease/disability that happened because they were not vaccinated

905

  

0.25

  

0.66

 Yes

 

13.75

16.52

 

15.84

18.39

 

 No or don't know

 

86.25

83.48

 

84.16

81.61

 

Think it is better to get COVID-19 and develop natural immunity than to get the vaccine

905

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

 No

 

25.56

60.88

 

24.52

58.44

 

 Don't know

 

8.89

6.15

 

5.88

5.43

 

 Yes

 

51.56

18.46

 

53.85

19.88

 

 Somewhat

 

14.00

14.51

 

15.75

16.25

 

Remember past events that would discourage them from getting COVID-19 vaccine

451

35.92

NA

< 0.001

39.58

NA

0.22

Think you are at risk to get COVID-19

   

0.36

  

0.58

 No

 

8.43

11.23

 

9.37

9.19

 

 Don't know

 

7.76

7.71

 

7.90

9.29

 

 Yes

 

83.81

81.06

 

82.74

81.51

 

Think you can get seriously ill, hospitalize or die if you get COVID-19

905

  

0.034

  

0.78

 No

 

36.36

44.84

 

39.57

42.03

 

 Don't know

 

33.70

28.57

 

31.40

29.33

 

 Yes

 

29.93

26.59

 

29.03

28.64

 

Barriers to receiving COVID-19 vaccine

450

      

 Availability

 

3.11

NA

< 0.001

2.13

NA

0.001

 Distance to vaccination point

 

5.78

NA

< 0.001

1.97

NA

< 0.001

 Cost

 

0.00

NA

 

0.00

NA

 

 Not a priority group

 

6.67

NA

< 0.001

5.29

NA

0.001

 Lack of information about how/where to get it

 

21.78

NA

< 0.001

21.16

NA

0.27

 Too stressful

 

36.44

NA

< 0.001

49.12

NA

0.94

 Staff attitude

 

3.33

NA

< 0.001

3.34

NA

 < 0.001

 Not socially acceptable

 

28.00

NA

< 0.001

24.50

NA

0.019

 None

 

10.89

NA

< 0.001

15.06

NA

0.002

Would get/have gotten the vaccine if employer recommended

451

  

< 0.001

  

0.030

 No

 

35.48

NA

 

35.01

NA

 

 Unsure

 

15.30

NA

 

15.16

NA

 

 Yes

 

49.22

NA

 

49.83

NA

 
  1. Values in bold indicate statistically significant results at p value < 0.05
  2. aChi-squared test with Rao & Scott's second-order correction