Table 4 Crude and adjusted associations between each school-level measure of school climate and students' outcomes
School-level exposures | Outcomes | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Any violence from teachers | Any violence from peers | Aggressive behaviours | Depression symptoms | |||||||||||||
Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted | |||||||||
OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | |
Teacher-student relationship | 4.10 (1.75 to 9.60) | 0.002 | 0.86 (0.35 to 2.11) | 0.738 | 1.34 (0.56 to 3.20) | 0.503 | 1.33 (0.43 to 4.06) | 0.606 | 0.78 (0.28 to 2.13) | 0.614 | 0.44 (0.10 to 1.93) | 0.267 | 0.30 (0.13 to 0.72) | 0.009 | 2.15 (0.41 to 11.31) | 0.349 |
Teacher self-efficacy | 0.25 (0.07 to 0.94) | 0.041 | 0.57 (0.29 to 1.67) | 0.295 | 1.57 (0.57 to 4.32) | 0.367 | 1.15 (0.30 to 4.38) | 0.833 | 1.13 (0.32 to 4.00) | 0.842 | 0.78 (0.13 to 4.67) | 0.783 | 1.99 (0.42 to 9.49) | 0.373 | 0.06 (0.01 to 0.27) | 0.001 |
Teacher job satisfaction | 2.26 (1.30 to 3.92) | 0.006 | 1.04 (0.53 to 2.06) | 0.897 | 1.09 (0.59 to 2.01) | 0.767 | 1.22 (0.60 to 2.48) | 0.564 | 0.77 (0.38 to 1.58) | 0.463 | 0.60 (0.22 to 1.64) | 0.310 | 0.44 (0.17 to 1.11) | 0.079 | 1.28 (0.41 to 4.01) | 0.654 |
Teacher and student involvement in school operations | 3.65 (1.77 to 7.50) | 0.001 | 2.54 (0.90 to 7.18) | 0.078 | 0.91 (0.46 to 1.78) | 0.766 | 0.63 (− 0.44 to 1.69) | 0.238 | 0.95 (0.44 to 2.09) | 0.901 | 1.47 (0.33 to 6.53) | 0.602 | 0.29 (0.10 to 0.84) | 0.024 | 1.31 (0.26 to 6.47) | 0.727 |