Table 4 GSEM analysis for the Gaza strip

Food insecurity experience

−0.0346***

(0.00327)

Economic hardship

−0.00778*

0.212***

(0.00429)

(0.0242)

Political hardship

0.0109

0.0787**

0.154***

(0.00935)

(0.0337)

(0.0258)

Political refugees

0.0273**

(0.0115)

Registered refugees

0.0286*

0.0933

−0.0212

0.00520

(0.0158)

(0.0634)

(0.0488)

(0.0353)

Head of household education

(reference: secondary)

Post-secondary

0.0127

−0.159*

0.00495

−0.0364

(0.0147)

(0.0838)

(0.0645)

(0.0465)

Below secondary

0.00260

0.356***

−0.0329

−0.0338

(0.0133)

(0.0758)

(0.0584)

(0.0421)

Spouse education

(reference: secondary)

Post-secondary

0.0544***

−0.0598

0.107*

−0.0158

(0.0144)

(0.0824)

(0.0634)

(0.0458)

Below secondary

−0.0153

0.203***

0.115**

0.128***

(0.0125)

(0.0712)

(0.0548)

(0.0395)

Female head of household

−0.0274

0.160

−0.0738

0.0671

(0.0194)

(0.111)

(0.0853)

(0.0616)

Household size

0.0525***

0.724***

0.341***

0.195***

(0.0127)

(0.0709)

(0.0543)

(0.0390)

Unsustainable

−0.0506***

0.741***

0.320***

0.0183

(0.0113)

(0.0632)

(0.0483)

(0.0349)

Household asset (wealth index)

0.0309***

−0.271***

−0.0439***

−0.0447***

(0.00321)

(0.0176)

(0.0135)

(0.00975)

Aid

2.65e−06

−2.58e−05

−3.17e−05*

5.56e−05***

(3.75e−06)

(2.14e−05)

(1.65e−05)

(1.18e−05)

Proximity to buffer zone

−0.0666***

0.273**

−0.0640

0.683***

(0.0187)

(0.106)

(0.0817)

(0.0576)

Locality

(reference: urban)

Rural

0.0585***

−0.562***

−0.000941

0.289***

(0.0210)

(0.119)

(0.0919)

(0.0661)

Refugee camp

−0.00515

0.0821

0.287***

−0.178***

(0.0144)

(0.0817)

(0.0627)

(0.0451)

Governorate 1

−0.0220

−0.304***

0.506***

−0.122***

(0.0146)

(0.0830)

(0.0633)

(0.0456)

Governorate 2

0.0276

−0.674***

0.363***

0.179***

(0.0173)

(0.0980)

(0.0751)

(0.0542)

Governorate 3

−0.0839***

−0.411***

−0.0480

−0.101**

(0.0157)

(0.0891)

(0.0686)

(0.0495)

Governorate 4

−0.0476***

−0.180*

−0.393***

0.162***

(0.0176)

(0.100)

(0.0770)

(0.0555)

Constant

4.290***

0.780***

0.342***

0.424***

(0.0300)

(0.165)

(0.127)

(0.0915)

Observations

2888

2888

2888

2888