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Table 5 Proxy indicators

From: Promising practices for the monitoring and evaluation of gender-based violence risk mitigation interventions in humanitarian response: a multi-methods study

Proxy indicators are indirect measures of a result that are linked to the result by one or more assumptions [24]. They are often used when the most direct indicator is not practical or unsafe to measure

Example: Asking community members directly about experiences of GBV may place them at risk of harm. Proxy indicators that can provide safe information about GBV risk include:

Availability of services

Access to services

Perceptions of safety & exposure to GBV risk

It is important to be aware of limitations of proxy indicators and their potential biases, and note that the specific choice of appropriate, valid proxy indictors will be context-specific