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Table 3 Univariable and multiple cox regression analysis of predictors associated with death among 472 patients hospitalized for confirmed COVID-19 infection

From: Clinical features and predictors of mortality among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Niger

Variables

Crude HR (95% CI)

P-value

Adj. HR (95% CI)

P-value

Age

1.06 (1.04–1.08)

 < 0.0001

1.05 (1.03–1.07)

 < 0.0001

Age group 1

    

 < 15 years

Ref

Ref

_

_

15–34 years

0.31 (0.03–2.82)

0.30

_

_

35–59 years

0.89 (0.12–6.83)

0.91

_

_

 > 60 years

3.76 (0.51–27.88)

0.19

_

_

Age-group 2

    

 < 60 years

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 > 60 years

5.34 (3.25–8.75)

 < 0.0001

3.32 (1.88–5.89)

 < 0.0001

Sex

    

Female

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Male

0.80 (0.48–1.31)

0.37

0.85 (0.50–1.45)

0.56

Profession

    

Student/housekeeper/none

Ref

Ref

_

_

Other

0.76 (0.43–1.34)

0.34

_

_

Travel last 14 days

    

No

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Yes

0.29 (0.12–0.72)

0.007

0.77 (0.32–1.87)

0.57

Visited hospital last 14 days

    

No

Ref

Ref

_

_

Yes

1.13 (0.65–1.96)

0.65

_

_

History of comorbidity

    

Any comorbidity

    

No

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Yes

3.89 (2.38–6.35)

 < 0.0001

2.04 (1.22–3.42)

0.006

 ≥ 2 Comorbidities

    

No

Ref

Ref

_

_

Yes

1.13 (0.91–1.39)

0.25

_

_

Time symptoms-consultation

1.00 (0.95–1.05)

0.98

_

_

Symptoms

    

Fever/chills

    

No

Ref

Ref

_

_

Yes

2.24 (1.41–3.56)

0.001

1.21 (0.74–1.99)

0.45

Sore throat

    

No

Ref

Ref

_

_

Yes

0.62 (0.27–1.44)

0.27

_

_

Cough

    

No

Ref

Ref

_

_

Yes

1.36 (0.85–2.16)

0.19

_

_

Rhinorrhea

    

No

Ref

Ref

_

_

Yes

0.82 (0.36–1.90)

0.65

_

_

Shortness of breath

    

No

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Yes

3.94 (2.49–6.23)

 < 0.0001

2.09 (1.22–3.57)

0.007

Anosmia/Ageusia

    

No

Ref

Ref

_

_

Yes

1.07 (0.13–8.64)

0.95

_

_

Thoracic Pain

    

No

Ref

Ref

_

_

Yes

0.69 (0.23–2.06)

0.51

_

_

Digestive signs

    

No

Ref

Ref

_

_

Yes

0.56 (0.19–1.62)

0.28

_

_

Headache

    

No

Ref

Ref

_

_

Yes

0.51 (0.18–1.43)

0.2

_

_

Asthenia/fatigue

    

No

Ref

Ref

_

_

Yes

1.24 (0.51–2.99)

0.63

_

_

  1. Adj. HR, adjusted hazards ratio; Ref, reference; _, indicates variables not included in the multivariate model