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Table 3 Socio-economic inequality decomposition in the probability of healthcare utilization by need, consumption, and other non-need factors

From: Inequity and benefit incidence analysis in healthcare use among Syrian refugees in Egypt

Variables

Concentration index of covariates (Ci,K)

Total healthcare utilization

Outpatient services

Inpatient services

Elasticity (b)

Contribution towards inequality (Ci,K) * b)/CI

Elasticity (b)

Contribution towards inequality (Ci,K) * b)/CI

Need factors

 Age

0.0180

0.0645

1%

0.2524

23.1%**

 Gender (male)

0.0067

− 0.1492

− 1%***

− 0.4497

− 15.4%***

 Disabilityb

0.0735

0.0014

0.2%

0.0037

1%

 NCD

− 0.0146

0.4059

− 6.3%***

0.0735

− 5.5%**

Non-need factors

 Urban

0.0086

− 0.2478

− 2.3%*

− 0.0092

− 0.4%

 Governorates (Greater-Cairo)

− 0.0248

− 0.0295

1%

0.1993

− 25%

 Household size

− 0.0221

− 0.2479

6%**

− 0.2997

33.7%*

 Education (Head of household)

0.0207

0.0488

1.1%

− 0.1917

− 20%

 Duration in the country

− 0.0009

0.2020

− 0.2%*

0.6526

− 3%***

 Knowledge

− 0.0385

0.0148

− 0.6%

− 0.0204

4%

 Employment (Head of household)

0.0038

− 0.0309

− 0.1%

0.1233

2.4%

Per-capita consumption

0.2874

0.1799

54.4%***

0.0128

18.7%

Wagstaff’s Index (CIW)

0.095

0.02

Erreygers’ Index (CIE)

0.079

0.006

  1. Bold is used to highlight the main findings and used in the discussion
  2. Italics used for another correction of the CI, added for comparaison
  3. CI concentration index; CIs are Wagstaff normalized indices. Erreygers’ Index = (4μ/b − a) * CI, where, a and b are upper and lower limits of the health variable, CI is the standard concentration index, and μ is the mean of the health variable. CIE = 4μ(1 − μ)CIW
  4. bElasticity (b)=(βimXj/μ) , indicates the impact of each determinant on the desired health outcome
  5. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001