|
Diabetes Care Utilization
|
|
Regular diabetes care visits
|
−7.1%
|
(−16.3,2.1)
|
−2.8%
|
(− 13.4,7.8)
|
15.3%
|
(5.9,24.7)
|
0.002
|
−4.9%
|
(−14.5,4.7)
|
−0.5%
|
(−11.9,10.9)
|
15.1%
|
(5.4,24.8)
|
0.008
|
|
Regular care not sought b/c of cost
|
−4.4%
|
(−12.5,3.6)
|
−3.0%
|
(−9.1,3.0)
|
2.2%
|
(−0.9,5.3)
|
0.138
|
−5.4%
|
(−13.6,2.8)
|
− 3.4%
|
(− 10.3,3.6)
|
2.1%
|
(− 1.6,5.7)
|
0.140
|
|
Health Provider Visits b
|
|
General Practitioner
|
2.2%
|
(−6.2,10.5)
|
3.5%
|
(−7.8,14.8)
|
8.3%
|
(0.6,15.9)
|
0.548
|
0.9%
|
(−7.8,9.6)
|
1.7%
|
(−10.0,13.3)
|
7.9%
|
(−0.1,15.9)
|
0.425
|
|
Other doctor/specialist
|
2.7%
|
(−8.9,14.4)
|
−25.6%
|
(−38.7,-12.6)
|
19.2%
|
(9.5,28.8)
|
< 0.001
|
1.8%
|
(−10.3,13.9)
|
−27.8%
|
(−41.5,-14.0)
|
16.8%
|
(6.6,27.0)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Pharmacist
|
−6.4%
|
(−16.3,3.6)
|
−24.1%
|
(−37.5,-10.7)
|
−11.2%
|
(−20.2,-2.2)
|
0.112
|
−6.1%
|
(−16.1,4.0)
|
−24.1%
|
(−37.9,-10.4)
|
− 12.7%
|
(− 22.2,-3.2)
|
0.106
|
|
Hospital Visit
|
−2.4%
|
(−11.5,6.8)
|
− 11.1%
|
(− 22.1,-0.1)
|
−0.9%
|
(−9.1,7.3)
|
0.321
|
−3.3%
|
(− 12.9,6.2)
|
− 11.5%
|
(−22.9,-0.1)
|
−1.6%
|
(− 10.6,7.3)
|
0.359
|
|
Provider selected for cost-related reasons
|
−5.4%
|
(−15.7,4.9)
|
0.3%
|
(− 14.0,14.7)
|
− 25.5%
|
(− 35.4,-15.7)
|
0.003
|
− 4.1%
|
(−14.9,6.7)
|
1.9%
|
(−12.8,16.7)
|
−22.8%
|
(− 33.5,-12.2)
|
0.007
|
|
Did not receive all needed care due to cost c
|
−2.9%
|
(−14.6,8.8)
|
−5.0%
|
(− 19.2,9.2)
|
− 25.2%
|
(− 35.3,-15.2)
|
0.008
|
−3.6%
|
(− 15.6,8.4)
|
−6.4%
|
(− 21.5,8.7)
|
−26.2%
|
(− 36.7,-15.7)
|
0.009
|
|
Body Mass Index (BMI)
|
|
BMI (mean)
|
− 0.7
|
(−1.4,-0.1)
|
− 0.4
|
(− 1.1,0.3)
|
− 0.8
|
(−1.4,-0.1)
|
0.698
|
− 0.6
|
(− 1.3,0.0)
|
−0.7
|
(− 1.5,0.1)
|
−1.0
|
(− 1.7,-0.3)
|
0.728
|
|
Normal (BMI < 25 kg/m2)
|
0.9%
|
(− 1.1,2.8)
|
3.0%
|
(− 1.6,7.6)
|
0.7%
|
(−2.5,3.8)
|
0.681
|
0.6%
|
(−1.6,2.8)
|
3.2%
|
(−1.5,7.9)
|
0.9%
|
(−2.7,4.5)
|
0.607
|
|
Overweight (BMI 25–29 kg/m2)
|
7.0%
|
(1.4,12.5)
|
0.4%
|
(−6.6,7.4)
|
−0.6%
|
(−6.8,5.6)
|
0.150
|
4.5%
|
(−1.4,10.4)
|
−1.2%
|
(−8.5,6.1)
|
− 1.8%
|
(− 8.5,5.0)
|
0.281
|
|
Obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2)
|
−7.9%
|
(− 13.5,-2.3)
|
−3.4%
|
(−10.2,3.4)
|
0.0%
|
(− 5.9,5.8)
|
0.163
|
− 5.1%
|
(− 11.0,0.8)
|
−2.0%
|
(− 8.8,4.8)
|
0.9%
|
(− 5.5,7.3)
|
0.365
|
|
Blood Glucose
|
|
HbA1C (mean %)
|
−0.2
|
(−0.4,0.0)
|
− 0.6
|
(− 0.8,-0.3)
|
−0.4
|
(− 0.6,− 0.2)
|
0.073
|
-0.2
|
(− 0.5,0.0)
|
−0.7
|
(− 1.1,-0.4)
|
− 0.5
|
(− 0.7,-0.3)
|
0.032
|
|
HbA1C < 7.0%
|
4.2%
|
(− 2.4,10.8)
|
6.0%
|
(− 2.1,14.1)
|
9.2%
|
(2.3,16.1)
|
0.582
|
5.4%
|
(−1.5,12.2)
|
9.1%
|
(0.1,18.0)
|
11.7%
|
(4.4,19.1)
|
0.427
|
|
HbA1C = 7.0–7.9%
|
0.4%
|
(−7.0,7.9)
|
1.1%
|
(−6.5,8.7)
|
−2.0%
|
(− 9.0,5.1)
|
0.827
|
0.1%
|
(−7.6,7.8)
|
0.3%
|
(−7.8,8.5)
|
−2.8%
|
(−9.9,4.4)
|
0.806
|
|
HbA1C ≥ 8.0%
|
−4.7%
|
(−11.1,1.8)
|
−7.1%
|
(−15.3,1.2)
|
−7.3%
|
(− 13.7,-0.9)
|
0.831
|
−5.4%
|
(− 12.1,1.3)
|
−9.4%
|
(− 18.7,-0.1)
|
− 9.0%
|
(− 15.8,-2.1)
|
0.682
|
|
Blood Pressure (BP)
|
|
Systolic blood pressure (mean)
|
−2.6
|
(−5.9,0.7)
|
−1.3
|
(−4.6,2.0)
|
− 1.3
|
(− 4.0,1.3)
|
0.816
|
− 2.3
|
(− 5.7,1.1)
|
−0.9
|
(−4.4,2.6)
|
− 0.4
|
(−3.3,2.5)
|
0.676
|
|
Diastolic blood pressure (mean)
|
− 1.8
|
(−3.6,0.0)
|
−2.9
|
(− 5.2,-0.6)
|
− 3.7
|
(− 5.5,-1.8)
|
0.354
|
−1.6
|
(− 3.5,0.3)
|
− 2.5
|
(− 5.0,0.0)
|
−3.3
|
(− 5.3,-1.3)
|
0.463
|
|
Normal BP (< 140/90)
|
8.5%
|
(0.2,16.7)
|
5.8%
|
(−3.4,15.1)
|
12.0%
|
(4.3,19.8)
|
0.588
|
8.4%
|
(−0.1,16.8)
|
6.2%
|
(−3.9,16.2)
|
11.3%
|
(3.2,19.4)
|
0.704
|
|
High BP (> 140/90)
|
−8.5%
|
(−16.7,-0.2)
|
−5.8%
|
(−15.1,3.4)
|
− 12.0%
|
(− 19.8,-4.3)
|
0.588
|
− 8.4%
|
(− 16.8,0.1)
|
−6.2%
|
(− 16.2,3.9)
|
−11.3%
|
(− 19.4,-3.2)
|
0.704
|
