Table 4 Change Diabetes Care Utilization and in Clinical Measurements

 Regular diabetes care visits

−7.1%

(−16.3,2.1)

−2.8%

(− 13.4,7.8)

15.3%

(5.9,24.7)

0.002

−4.9%

(−14.5,4.7)

−0.5%

(−11.9,10.9)

15.1%

(5.4,24.8)

0.008

 Regular care not sought b/c of cost

−4.4%

(−12.5,3.6)

−3.0%

(−9.1,3.0)

2.2%

(−0.9,5.3)

0.138

−5.4%

(−13.6,2.8)

− 3.4%

(− 10.3,3.6)

2.1%

(− 1.6,5.7)

0.140

 General Practitioner

2.2%

(−6.2,10.5)

3.5%

(−7.8,14.8)

8.3%

(0.6,15.9)

0.548

0.9%

(−7.8,9.6)

1.7%

(−10.0,13.3)

7.9%

(−0.1,15.9)

0.425

 Other doctor/specialist

2.7%

(−8.9,14.4)

−25.6%

(−38.7,-12.6)

19.2%

(9.5,28.8)

< 0.001

1.8%

(−10.3,13.9)

−27.8%

(−41.5,-14.0)

16.8%

(6.6,27.0)

< 0.001

 Pharmacist

−6.4%

(−16.3,3.6)

−24.1%

(−37.5,-10.7)

−11.2%

(−20.2,-2.2)

0.112

−6.1%

(−16.1,4.0)

−24.1%

(−37.9,-10.4)

− 12.7%

(− 22.2,-3.2)

0.106

 Hospital Visit

−2.4%

(−11.5,6.8)

− 11.1%

(− 22.1,-0.1)

−0.9%

(−9.1,7.3)

0.321

−3.3%

(− 12.9,6.2)

− 11.5%

(−22.9,-0.1)

−1.6%

(− 10.6,7.3)

0.359

 Provider selected for cost-related reasons

−5.4%

(−15.7,4.9)

0.3%

(− 14.0,14.7)

− 25.5%

(− 35.4,-15.7)

0.003

− 4.1%

(−14.9,6.7)

1.9%

(−12.8,16.7)

−22.8%

(− 33.5,-12.2)

0.007

 Did not receive all needed care due to cost ^c

−2.9%

(−14.6,8.8)

−5.0%

(− 19.2,9.2)

− 25.2%

(− 35.3,-15.2)

0.008

−3.6%

(− 15.6,8.4)

−6.4%

(− 21.5,8.7)

−26.2%

(− 36.7,-15.7)

0.009

 BMI (mean)

− 0.7

(−1.4,-0.1)

− 0.4

(− 1.1,0.3)

− 0.8

(−1.4,-0.1)

0.698

− 0.6

(− 1.3,0.0)

−0.7

(− 1.5,0.1)

−1.0

(− 1.7,-0.3)

0.728

 Normal (BMI < 25 kg/m²)

0.9%

(− 1.1,2.8)

3.0%

(− 1.6,7.6)

0.7%

(−2.5,3.8)

0.681

0.6%

(−1.6,2.8)

3.2%

(−1.5,7.9)

0.9%

(−2.7,4.5)

0.607

 Overweight (BMI 25–29 kg/m²)

7.0%

(1.4,12.5)

0.4%

(−6.6,7.4)

−0.6%

(−6.8,5.6)

0.150

4.5%

(−1.4,10.4)

−1.2%

(−8.5,6.1)

− 1.8%

(− 8.5,5.0)

0.281

 Obese (BMI > 30 kg/m²)

−7.9%

(− 13.5,-2.3)

−3.4%

(−10.2,3.4)

0.0%

(− 5.9,5.8)

0.163

− 5.1%

(− 11.0,0.8)

−2.0%

(− 8.8,4.8)

0.9%

(− 5.5,7.3)

0.365

 HbA1C (mean %)

−0.2

(−0.4,0.0)

− 0.6

(− 0.8,-0.3)

−0.4

(− 0.6,− 0.2)

0.073

-0.2

(− 0.5,0.0)

−0.7

(− 1.1,-0.4)

− 0.5

(− 0.7,-0.3)

0.032

 HbA1C < 7.0%

4.2%

(− 2.4,10.8)

6.0%

(− 2.1,14.1)

9.2%

(2.3,16.1)

0.582

5.4%

(−1.5,12.2)

9.1%

(0.1,18.0)

11.7%

(4.4,19.1)

0.427

 HbA1C = 7.0–7.9%

0.4%

(−7.0,7.9)

1.1%

(−6.5,8.7)

−2.0%

(− 9.0,5.1)

0.827

0.1%

(−7.6,7.8)

0.3%

(−7.8,8.5)

−2.8%

(−9.9,4.4)

0.806

 HbA1C ≥ 8.0%

−4.7%

(−11.1,1.8)

−7.1%

(−15.3,1.2)

−7.3%

(− 13.7,-0.9)

0.831

−5.4%

(− 12.1,1.3)

−9.4%

(− 18.7,-0.1)

− 9.0%

(− 15.8,-2.1)

0.682

 Systolic blood pressure (mean)

−2.6

(−5.9,0.7)

−1.3

(−4.6,2.0)

− 1.3

(− 4.0,1.3)

0.816

− 2.3

(− 5.7,1.1)

−0.9

(−4.4,2.6)

− 0.4

(−3.3,2.5)

0.676

 Diastolic blood pressure (mean)

− 1.8

(−3.6,0.0)

−2.9

(− 5.2,-0.6)

− 3.7

(− 5.5,-1.8)

0.354

−1.6

(− 3.5,0.3)

− 2.5

(− 5.0,0.0)

−3.3

(− 5.3,-1.3)

0.463

 Normal BP (< 140/90)

8.5%

(0.2,16.7)

5.8%

(−3.4,15.1)

12.0%

(4.3,19.8)

0.588

8.4%

(−0.1,16.8)

6.2%

(−3.9,16.2)

11.3%

(3.2,19.4)

0.704

 High BP (> 140/90)

−8.5%

(−16.7,-0.2)

−5.8%

(−15.1,3.4)

− 12.0%

(− 19.8,-4.3)

0.588

− 8.4%

(− 16.8,0.1)

−6.2%

(− 16.2,3.9)

−11.3%

(− 19.4,-3.2)

0.704