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Table 3 Change in Health Expenditures for Diabetes Care and Maintenance (in log US$)

From: Improving diabetes control for Syrian refugees in Jordan: a longitudinal cohort study comparing the effects of cash transfers and health education interventions

 

UNADJUSTED CHANGE

ADJUSTED CHANGE a

MPC

CHV only

CHV + CCT

P-value

MPC

CHV only

CHV + CCT

P-value

Point Est.

(95% CI)

Point Est

(95% CI)

Point Est

(95% CI)

Point Est

(95% CI)

Point Est

(95% CI)

Point Est

(95% CI)

Most Recent Health Facility Payments for Outpatient Diabetes Care b

 Any payment at last visit (%)

−4.7%

(−14.2,4.8)

− 9.8%

(− 20.6,1.0)

26.8%

(18.9,34.7)

< 0.001

−5.8%

(−15.5,3.9)

−9.0%

(− 20.6,2.5)

25.3%

(16.8,33.9)

< 0.001

 Total paid at facility for visit b

−0.5

(−1.7,0.7)

−1.1

(−2.5,0.3)

1.6

(0.7,2.5)

0.002

−0.8

(−2.0,0.4)

−1.1

(−2.6,0.4)

1.2

(0.2,2.2)

0.007

Average Monthly Medication Costs

 Medication for All Conditions

  Any medication costs (%)

1.4%

(−4.8,7.7)

1.7%

(−5.5,9.0)

15.7%

(9.6,21.8)

0.002

0.3%

(−6.2,6.9)

0.8%

(−7.1,8.7)

13.6%

(7.2,19.9)

0.005

  Average monthly medication costs c

0.1

(−0.6,0.9)

0.1

(−0.9,1.0)

2.3

(1.5,3.1)

< 0.001

0.0

(−0.8,0.8)

−0.1

(−1.1,0.9)

2.0

(1.2,2.8)

< 0.001

 Medication for Diabetes

  Any diabetes medication costs (%)

3.8%

(−4.5,12.1)

−16.1%

(−26.9,-5.3)

10.0%

(2.2,17.9)

0.001

1.4%

(−7.2,9.9)

− 18.7%

(−30.2,-7.2)

7.0%

(−1.4,15.3)

0.001

  Average monthly medication costs c

0.4

(−0.5,1.4)

−2.1

(−3.4,-0.8)

1.4

(0.5,2.4)

< 0.001

0.1

(−0.9,1.1)

− 2.4

(−3.8,-1.0)

1.0

(0.0,2.0)

< 0.001

 Blood Glucose Monitoring Supplies d

  Any monitoring supply costs (%)

15.1%

(7.7,22.6)

14.9%

(5.1,24.8)

40.8%

(32.2,49.3)

< 0.001

16.1%

(8.4,23.7)

13.6%

(3.3,23.9)

39.2%

(30.3,48.1)

< 0.001

  Average monthly supply costs c

1.8

(1.0,2.7)

1.8

(0.6,3.0)

5.2

(4.1,6.2)

< 0.001

1.9

(1.0,2.9)

1.6

(0.4,2.9)

5.0

(3.9,6.1)

< 0.001

 Routine Spending on Health

  Health Expenditures (past month) e

−0.6

(− 1.1,0.0)

0.4

(− 0.2,1.0)

0.5

(0.2,0.7)

0.004

− 0.7

(− 1.3,-0.2)

0.4

(− 0.3,1.0)

0.2

(− 0.1,0.5)

0.008

  Sold assets to pay for health f

−4.7%

(−8.8,-0.6)

− 0.9%

(− 8.4,6.6)

−5.0%

(− 11.2,1.3)

0.656

−5.2%

(− 9.6,-0.8)

− 1.9%

(− 10.0,6.3)

− 5.4%

(− 11.9,1.1)

0.732

  Borrowed to pay for health f

−11.2%

(− 20.6,-1.8)

− 12.1%

(− 23.2,-1.0)

− 12.8%

(− 22.4,-3.1)

0.974

− 12.5%

(− 22.2,-2.7)

−14.5%

(− 26.2,-2.9)

−16.0%

(−26.1,-5.9)

0.876

  1. Exchange rate: 1 JOD = US$1.41. Point Est = point estimate from regression model. Bold italic indicates statistically significant (P < 0.001) findings; bold indicates statistically significant (P < 0.05) findings; italic indicates statistically significant (P < 0.10) findings. P-values are for three group comparison of magnitude of change during the study period
  2. a Adjusted analyses controlled for participant sex, age, education level, and marital status; household size and the presence of more than one UNHCR registration case; prior diagnoses of hypertension, other chronic NCD diagnoses, and years since initial diabetes diagnosis; total household expenditure in the prior month; and receipt of humanitarian assistance, specifically the total value of cash assistance received in the prior month, and current WFP beneficiary status/transfer modality (voucher or Choice); b includes consultation fees, diagnostic testing, and medications obtained at health facility during the most recent visit to health facility, hospital outpatient department, or emergency room (without overnight stay); c among all participants; d at home or in a pharmacy; e Includes expenditures for consultation, diagnostic testing, medication, and associated transportation; f in the past three months
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Conflict and Health

ISSN: 1752-1505