Carlsson, Mortensen et al. (2006) [56] | Huijts et al. (2012) [57] | Opaas & Varvin (2015) [58] | Teodorescu et al. (2012) [59] | Carlsson et al. (2005) [60] | Carlsson et al. (2010) [61] | Carlsson, Olsen et al. (2006) [62] | Kinzie et al. (2012) [63] | Opaas et al. (2016) [64] | |
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Study characteristics | |||||||||
Study location | Copenhagen, Rehabilitation and Research Centre for Torture Victims (RCT), Denmark | Foundation Centrum ‘45, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands | Two general mental health outpatient clinics and six psychotherapists in publicly funded individual practices, Oslo (Norway) | Outpatient departments of four hospitals from South- Eastern Norway | Copenhagen, Rehabilitation and Research Centre for Torture Victims (RCT), Denmark | Copenhagen, Rehabilitation and Research Centre for Torture Victims (RCT), Denmark | Copenhagen, Rehabilitation and Research Centre for Torture Victims (RCT), Denmark | Refugee clinic, Oregon (USA) | Specialist mental health outpatient services with public funding, Norway |
Recruiting method | direct recruitment method | direct recruitment method | direct recruitment method | direct recruitment method | direct recruitment method | direct recruitment method | direct recruitment method | direct recruitment method | direct recruitment method |
Year of data collection | 1 Jan 2001–15 May 2002 | 2003–2010 | 2006–2009 | 1 Nov 2008- Nov 2009 | 2001–2002 | 1 Jan 2001–15 May 2002 | 1991–1994 | Feb 2009- Jan 2010 | 2006–2009 |
SAMPLE characteristics | |||||||||
Size | 63 | 335 | 54 | 55 | 55 | 45 | 139 | 22 | 51–49 |
Gender (n, %) | |||||||||
Male | 63 (100%) | 251 (74.9%) | 35 (64.8%) | 32 (58%) | 40 (72.7%) | 30 (66.7%) | 126 (90.6%) | 9 (41%) | 33 (64.7%) |
Female | – | 84 (25.1%) | 19 (35.2%) | 23 (42%) | 15 (27.3%) | 15 (33.3%) | 13 (9.4%) | 13 (59%) | 18 (35.3%) |
Age mean (SD) | 37.8 (8.11) | 41.9 | 39.3 (8.2) | 42 (8.6) | – | 39.2 (9.38) | 44.7 (8.48) | 48 (−) | 39.4 (8.0) |
Marital status (n, %) | |||||||||
Married | 50 (79.4%) | – | 35 (64.8%) | 32 (58.2%) | 43 (78.2%) | 37 (82.2%) | 87 (62.6%) | – | 34 (66.7%) |
Non married (a) | 13 (20.6%) | – | 19 (35.2%) | 23 (41.8%) | 12 (21.8%) | 8 (17.8%) | 52 (37.4%) | – | 17 (33.3%) |
Country of origin | Diverse | Diverse | Diverse | Diverse | Diverse | Diverse | Diverse | Diverse | Diverse |
Country of destination | Denmark | The Netherlands | Norway | Norway | Denmark | Denmark | Denmark | USA | Norway |
Duration of stay in years | – | 12.8 (4.73) | 10.5 (6.5) | 16.7 (7.1) | – | 5.8 (4.98) | 4.9 (−) | – | 11.2 (6.3) |
Unemployed | – | – | 42 (77.8%) | 31 (59.6%) | – | – | 103 (73.9%) after 10 years | majority | 40 (78.4%) |
HSCL-25 | |||||||||
ANXIETY mean (SD) | 2.90 (0.67) | – | 2.89 (0.59) | – | 2.84 | 2.82 (0.73) | 2.26 (0.74) | – | 2.87 (0.59) |
Above cut-off | 91.9% | – | 96.2% | 94.5% (x) | 87.3% | – | 74.1% | – | 96% |
DEPRESSION mean (SD) | 2.91 (0.63) | – | 2.94 (0.54) | 2.7 (0.64) | 2.88 | 2.81 (0.67) | 2.25 (0.70) | 100% (Center for Epidemiological Studies—Depression Scale) | 2.94 (0.52) |
Above cut-off | 93.5% | – | 98.1% | 93% | 92.7% | – | 69.1% | 98% | |
HTQ - PTSD | |||||||||
Mean (SD) | 3.06 (0.53) | 2.91 (0.57) | 2.82 (0.47) | – | 2.93 | 2.91 (0.60) | 2.61 (0.68) | – | 2.82 (0.47) |
Above the cut-off | 88.9% | 85% | 78,8% | 80% (IESR) | 78.2% | – | 56.1% | 77.3% (SPRINT) | 81.6% |
HRQOL mean(SD) | |||||||||
Physical health | 25.57 (20.03) | 38 (−) | 28.5 (13.8) | 32.5 (14.7) | 29.55 (−) | 30.19 (20.32) | 46.28 (21.65) | 31 (−) | 28.2 (13.8) |
Psychological health | 27.52 (19.87) | 44 (−) | 25.6 (15.9) | 34.6 (15.5) | 31.04 (−) | 32.94 (19.84) | 42.70 (22.55) | 31 (−) | 25.3 (15.7) |
Social relationships | 39.66 (25.12) | 44 (−) | 36.6 (23.4) | 43.4 (19.7) | 41.59 (−) | 42.13 (23.84) | 46.55 (24.61) | – | 35.0 (21.7) |
Environment domain | 39.87 (19.00) | 50 (−) | 45.2 (18.2) | 43.1 (15.1) | 39.03 (−) | 37.78 (17.81) | 49.44 (19.53) | 47 (−) | 45.0 (18.5) |