Table 5 Association between depression and traumatic experiences
| Type of violence | Depression | Goodness of fit | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | p-value |
Adjusted OR (95% CI)* | p-value | F-statistic | p-value | |
| Sexual violence | ||||||
| Rape | 2.41 (1.28–4.53) | 0.01 | 2.30 (1.21–4.38) | 0.01 | 1.57 | 0.12 |
| Gang rape | 1.56 (0.75–3.25) | 0.24 | 1.62 (0.78–3.36) | 0.20 | ||
| Pregnancy resulting from rape | 1.96 (1.05–3.68) | 0.04 | 1.70 (0.89–3.23) | 0.11 | 0.85 | 0.57 |
| Rape before displacement | 1.28 (0.71–2.27) | 0.41 | 1.21 (0.67–2.18) | 0.52 | 1.89 | 0.05 |
| Rape during flight | 0.90 (0.50–1.63) | 0.73 | 1.03 (0.57–1.88) | 0.91 | 1.96 | 0.04 |
| Rape after displacement | 1.44 (0.74–2.80) | 0.28 | 1.45 (0.74–2.81) | 0.27 | 1.80 | 0.07 |
| Non-sexual traumatic experiences | ||||||
| Lack of access to health care | 1.71 (0.96–3.07) | 0.07 | 1.71 (0.94–3.11) | 0.08 | 1.58 | 0.12 |
| Destruction of property | 2.59 (1.27–5.31) | 0.01 | 1.88 (0.90–3.94) | 0.09 | 1.74 | 0.08 |
| Forced labor | 1.58 (0.95–2.62) | 0.08 | 1.72 (1.01–2.94) | 0.05 | 0.85 | 0.57 |
| Forced to betray family or friend, risking their lives | 2.30 (0.91–5.82) | 0.08 | 2.43 (0.98–5.99) | 0.05 | 1.96 | 0.04 |
| Death of family/friend | 1.59 (0.96–2.64) | 0.07 | 1.64 (0.98–2.76) | 0.06 | 1.04 | 0.41 |
| Disappearance, kidnapping of spouse /child | 2.13 (1.28–3.53) | < 0.01 | 1.99 (1.16–3.40) | 0.01 | 2.25 | 0.02 |
| < =10 traumatic experiences | Ref. | |||||
| Between 11 and 15 traumatic experiences | 1.25 (0.91–1.73) | 0.17 | 1.19 (0.84–1.67) | 0.32 | 1.19 | 0.30 |
| > 15 traumatic experiences | 1.21 (0.73–1.99) | 0.47 | 1.2- (0.71–2.02) | 0.49 | 1.55 | 0.13 |