TY - STD TI - World Health Organization. Antimicrobial resistance 2018 [cited 2019 2019/05/30]. Available from: https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antimicrobial-resistance. UR - https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antimicrobial-resistance ID - ref1 ER - TY - STD TI - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States, 2013. 2013 [cited 2020 22 April, 2020]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/pdf/ar-threats-2013-508.pdf. UR - https://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/pdf/ar-threats-2013-508.pdf ID - ref2 ER - TY - STD TI - European Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Antimicrobial resistance: trackling the burden in the European Union. 2019. [cited 2020 22 April, 2020]. Available from: https://www.oecd.org/health/health-systems/AMR-Tackling-the-Burden-in-the-EU-OECD-ECDC-Briefing-Note-2019.pdf. UR - https://www.oecd.org/health/health-systems/AMR-Tackling-the-Burden-in-the-EU-OECD-ECDC-Briefing-Note-2019.pdf ID - ref3 ER - TY - STD TI - World Health Organization. Health financing policy and implementation in fragile and conflict-affected settings: Synthesis of evidence and policy recommendations. 2019 Contract No.: WHO/HIS/HGF/HFGuidance/19.7. ID - ref4 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lafta, R. AU - Al-Shatari, S. AU - Cherewick, M. AU - Galway, L. AU - Mock, C. AU - Hagopian, A. PY - 2015 DA - 2015// TI - Injuries, death, and disability associated with 11 years of conflict in Baghdad, Iraq: a randomized household cluster survey JO - PLoS One VL - 10 UR - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131834 DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0131834 ID - Lafta2015 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vella, M. A. AU - Warshauer, A. AU - Tortorello, G. AU - Fernandez-Moure, J. AU - Giacolone, J. AU - Chen, B. AU - Cabulong, A. AU - Chreiman, K. AU - Sims, C. AU - Schwab, C. W. AU - Reilly, P. M. AU - Lane-Fall, M. AU - Seamon, M. J. PY - 2020 DA - 2020// TI - Long-term functional, psychological, emotional, and social outcomes in survivors of firearm injuries JO - JAMA Surg VL - 155 UR - https://doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2019.4533 DO - 10.1001/jamasurg.2019.4533 ID - Vella2020 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Edwards, D. S. AU - Phillip, R. D. AU - Bosanquet, N. AU - Bull, A. M. J. AU - Clasper, J. C. PY - 2015 DA - 2015// TI - What Is the Magnitude and Long-term Economic Cost of Care of the British Military Afghanistan Amputee Cohort? JO - Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research® VL - 473 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-015-4250-9 DO - 10.1007/s11999-015-4250-9 ID - Edwards2015 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zuraik, C. AU - Sampalis, J. AU - Brierre, A. PY - 2018 DA - 2018// TI - The economic and social burden of traumatic injuries: evidence from a trauma Hospital in Port-au-Prince, Haiti JO - World J Surg VL - 42 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-017-4360-5 DO - 10.1007/s00268-017-4360-5 ID - Zuraik2018 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sahli, Z. T. AU - Bizri, A. R. AU - Abu-Sittah, G. S. PY - 2016 DA - 2016// TI - Microbiology and risk factors associated with war-related wound infections in the Middle East JO - Epidemiol Infect VL - 144 UR - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268816000431 DO - 10.1017/S0950268816000431 ID - Sahli2016 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gandra, S. AU - Barter, D. M. AU - Laxminarayan, R. PY - 2014 DA - 2014// TI - Economic burden of antibiotic resistance: how much do we really know? JO - Clin Microbiol Infect VL - 20 UR - https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-0691.12798 DO - 10.1111/1469-0691.12798 ID - Gandra2014 ER - TY - STD TI - Debarre A. Hard to reach: providing healthcare in armed conflict. International peace institute., December 2018. Report No. ID - ref11 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bantar, C. AU - Sartori, B. AU - Vesco, E. AU - Heft, C. AU - Saúl, M. AU - Salamone, F. PY - 2003 DA - 2003// TI - A Hospitalwide intervention program to optimize the quality of antibiotic use: impact on prescribing practice, antibiotic consumption, cost savings, and bacterial resistance JO - Clin Infect Dis VL - 37 UR - https://doi.org/10.1086/375818 DO - 10.1086/375818 ID - Bantar2003 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Alsan, M. AU - Schoemaker, L. AU - Eggleston, K. AU - Kammili, N. AU - Kolli, P. AU - Bhattacharya, J. PY - 2015 DA - 2015// TI - Out-of-pocket health expenditures and antimicrobial resistance in low-income and middle-income countries: an economic analysis JO - Lancet Infect Dis VL - 15 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(15)00149-8 DO - 10.1016/S1473-3099(15)00149-8 ID - Alsan2015 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Founou, R. C. AU - Founou, L. L. AU - Essack, S. Y. PY - 2017 DA - 2017// TI - Clinical and economic impact of antibiotic resistance in developing countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis JO - PLoS ONE [Electronic Resource] VL - 12 UR - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189621 DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0189621 ID - Founou2017 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nathwani, D. AU - Raman, G. AU - Sulham, K. AU - Gavaghan, M. AU - Menon, V. PY - 2014 DA - 2014// TI - Clinical and economic consequences of hospital-acquired resistant and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis JO - Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control VL - 3 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/2047-2994-3-32 DO - 10.1186/2047-2994-3-32 ID - Nathwani2014 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nathwani, D. AU - Varghese, D. AU - Stephens, J. AU - Ansari, W. AU - Martin, S. AU - Charbonneau, C. PY - 2019 DA - 2019// TI - Value of hospital antimicrobial stewardship programs [ASPs]: a systematic review JO - Antimicrobial Resistance Infection Control VL - 8 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-019-0471-0 DO - 10.1186/s13756-019-0471-0 ID - Nathwani2019 ER - TY - STD TI - Zhen X, Lundborg CS, Sun X, Hu X, Dong H. Economic burden of antibiotic resistance in ESKAPE organisms: A systematic review. Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control. 2019;8(1). ID - ref17 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Naylor, N. R. AU - Atun, R. AU - Zhu, N. AU - Kulasabanathan, K. AU - Silva, S. AU - Chatterjee, A. AU - Knight, G. M. AU - Robotham, J. V. PY - 2018 DA - 2018// TI - Estimating the burden of antimicrobial resistance: a systematic literature review JO - Antimicrobial Resistance Infection Control. VL - 7 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-018-0336-y DO - 10.1186/s13756-018-0336-y ID - Naylor2018 ER - TY - STD TI - Fragile and conflict affected situations: The World Bank [cited 2019 November 6, 2019]. Available from: https://data.worldbank.org/region/fragile-and-conflict-affected-situations. UR - https://data.worldbank.org/region/fragile-and-conflict-affected-situations ID - ref19 ER - TY - STD TI - Low & middle income: The World Bank [cited 2019 November 6, 2019]. Available from: https://data.worldbank.org/income-level/low-and-middle-income. UR - https://data.worldbank.org/income-level/low-and-middle-income ID - ref20 ER - TY - STD TI - Choi H-J, Lee E-W. Methodology of Estimating Socioeconomic Burden of Disease Using National Health Insurance (NHI) Data. 2019. In: evaluation of health services [internet]. IntechOpen. Available from: https://www.intechopen.com/books/evaluation-of-health-services/methodology-of-estimating-socioeconomic-burden-of-disease-using-national-health-insurance-nhi-data. UR - https://www.intechopen.com/books/evaluation-of-health-services/methodology-of-estimating-socioeconomic-burden-of-disease-using-national-health-insurance-nhi-data ID - ref21 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kanafani, Z. A. AU - Zahreddine, N. AU - Tayyar, R. AU - Sfeir, J. AU - Araj, G. F. AU - Matar, G. M. AU - Kanj, S. S. PY - 2018 DA - 2018// TI - Multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter species: a seven-year experience from a tertiary care center in Lebanon JO - Antimicrob Resist Infect Control VL - 7 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-017-0297-6 DO - 10.1186/s13756-017-0297-6 ID - Kanafani2018 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Matar, M. J. AU - Moghnieh, R. AU - Alothman, A. F. AU - Althaqafi, A. O. AU - Alenazi, T. H. AU - Farahat, F. M. AU - Corman, S. AU - Solem, C. AU - Raghubir, N. AU - Macahilig, C. AU - Haider, S. AU - Stephens, J. PY - 2017 DA - 2017// TI - Treatment patterns, resource utilization, and outcomes among hospitalized patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus complicated skin and soft tissue infections in Lebanon and Saudi Arabia JO - Infection Drug Resistance VL - 10 UR - https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S97415 DO - 10.2147/IDR.S97415 ID - Matar2017 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Aldous, W. K. AU - Co, E. M. PY - 2010 DA - 2010// TI - Factors associated with recovery of multidrug-resistant bacteria in a combat support hospital in Iraq JO - Infection Control Hospital Epidemiology VL - 31 UR - https://doi.org/10.1086/651302 DO - 10.1086/651302 ID - Aldous2010 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Babakir-Mina, M. AU - Othman, N. AU - Najmuldeen, H. H. AU - Noori, C. K. AU - Fatah, C. F. AU - Perno, C. F. PY - 2012 DA - 2012// TI - Antibiotic susceptibility of vancomyin and nitrofurantoin in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from burnt patients in Sulaimaniyah, Iraqi Kurdistan JO - New Microbiologica VL - 35 ID - Babakir-Mina2012 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Alga, A. AU - Wong, S. AU - Shoaib, M. AU - Lundgren, K. AU - Giske, C. G. AU - Schreeb, J. PY - 2018 DA - 2018// TI - Infection with high proportion of multidrug-resistant bacteria in conflict-related injuries is associated with poor outcomes and excess resource consumption: a cohort study of Syrian patients treated in Jordan JO - BMC Infect Dis VL - 18 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-018-3149-y DO - 10.1186/s12879-018-3149-y ID - Alga2018 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jarousha, A. M. AU - Jadba, A. H. AU - Afifi, A. S. AU - Qouqa, I. A. PY - 2009 DA - 2009// TI - Nosocomial multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in the neonatal intensive care unit in Gaza City, Palestine JO - Int J Infect Dis VL - 13 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2008.08.029 DO - 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.08.029 ID - Jarousha2009 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nasher, S. AU - Alsharapy, S. AU - Al-Madhagi, A. AU - Zakham, F. PY - 2018 DA - 2018// TI - Epidemiology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli from hospital settings in Yemen JO - J Infection Developing Countries VL - 12 UR - https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.10560 DO - 10.3855/jidc.10560 ID - Nasher2018 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Roberts, R. R. AU - Scott, R. D. AU - Hota, B. AU - Kampe, L. M. AU - Abbasi, F. AU - Schabowski, S. PY - 2010 DA - 2010// TI - Costs attributable to healthcare-acquired infection in hospitalized adults and a comparison of economic methods JO - Med Care VL - 48 UR - https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0b013e3181ef60a2 DO - 10.1097/MLR.0b013e3181ef60a2 ID - Roberts2010 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cheah, A. L. AU - Spelman, T. AU - Liew, D. AU - Peel, T. AU - Howden, B. P. AU - Spelman, D. PY - 2013 DA - 2013// TI - Enterococcal bacteraemia: factors influencing mortality, length of stay and costs of hospitalization JO - Clin Microbiol Infect VL - 19 UR - https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-0691.12132 DO - 10.1111/1469-0691.12132 ID - Cheah2013 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Anderson, M. AU - Cecchini, M. AU - Mossialos, E. AU - North, J. PY - 2020 DA - 2020// TI - Challenges to tackling antimicrobial resistance: economic and policy responses: Cambridge University press UR - https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108864121 DO - 10.1017/9781108864121 ID - Anderson2020 ER - TY - STD TI - Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda on Antimicrobial Resistance. Stockholm: Joint Programming Initiative on Antimicrobial Resistance 2019. ID - ref32 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Soule, B. M. AU - Memish, Z. A. AU - Malani, P. N. PY - 2012 DA - 2012// TI - Best practices in infection prevention and control: an international perspective: joint commission international ID - Soule2012 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Haraoui, L. P. AU - Sparrow, A. AU - Sullivan, R. AU - Burci, G. L. AU - Dewachi, O. AU - Abu-Sittah, G. PY - 2019 DA - 2019// TI - Armed conflicts and antimicrobial resistance: a deadly convergence. AMR Control ID - Haraoui2019 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bunduki, G. K. AU - Katembo, J. -. L. M. AU - Kamwira, I. S. PY - 2020 DA - 2020// TI - Antimicrobial resistance in a war-torn country: lessons learned in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo JO - One Health VL - 9 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.onehlt.2019.100120 DO - 10.1016/j.onehlt.2019.100120 ID - Bunduki2020 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lomazzi, M. AU - Moore, M. AU - Johnson, A. AU - Balasegaram, M. AU - Borisch, B. PY - 2019 DA - 2019// TI - Antimicrobial resistance – moving forward? JO - BMC Public Health VL - 19 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7173-7 DO - 10.1186/s12889-019-7173-7 ID - Lomazzi2019 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Achi, N. AU - Papamichail, A. AU - Rizk, A. AU - Lindsay, H. AU - Menassa, M. AU - Abdul-Khalek, R. A. PY - 2019 DA - 2019// TI - A conceptual framework for capacity strengthening of health research in conflict: the case of the Middle East and North Africa region JO - Glob Health VL - 15 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-019-0525-3 DO - 10.1186/s12992-019-0525-3 ID - Achi2019 ER -