Table 3 Descriptive Statistics (percent reporting having had the experience at least once)a
From: Assessing exposure to war-related traumatic events in older Vietnamese war survivors
| All Rs |
Civilians (C) |
Informal Mil (I) | Formal Mil (F) | Significant Differences between Groups | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Family Death/Disability | 51.4 | 51.1 | 56.6 | 45.9 | I vs. F |
| Death of family member | 32.5 | 33.7 | 34.8 | 26.1 | |
| Disability of family member | 27.6 | 22.1 | 33.6 | 27.4 | |
| Witness Death/Severe Injury | 48.5 | 35.6 | 52.4 | 80.8 | C vs. F; I vs. F |
| Saw dead Vietnamese soldiers | 35.2 | 19.2 | 40.0 | 75.6 | C vs. I; C vs. F; I vs. F |
| Saw dead foreign soldiers | 16.0 | 5.8 | 16.3 | 44.9 | C vs. I; C vs. F; I vs. F |
| Saw dead civilians | 40.7 | 31.6 | 47.2 | 58.8 | C vs. F; I vs. F |
| Wounded in warzone | 11.1 | 1.9 | 9.7 | 39.3 | C vs. I; C vs. F; I vs. F |
| Know injured people | 31.8 | 20.7 | 39.5 | 54.8 | C vs. I; C vs. F; I vs. F |
| Inhospitable Conditions | 59.7 | 51.6 | 66.0 | 75.7 | C vs. I; C vs. F |
| Moved due to bombings | 22.8 | 20.5 | 27.6 | 23.6 | |
| Moved due to evacuation | 21.3 | 20.1 | 22.8 | 23.1 | |
| Shortage of clean water | 11.5 | 7.5 | 12.3 | 22.3 | C vs. F; I vs. F |
| Food shortage | 20.4 | 17.6 | 22.0 | 26.7 | |
| Inability to sleep | 36.4 | 30.3 | 41.9 | 47.2 | C vs. F |
| Fear being injured or killed | 32.4 | 30.3 | 38.9 | 30.7 | |
| Exposure to toxic chemicals | 7.5 | 2.2 | 5.2 | 25.5 | C vs. I; C vs. F; I vs. F |
| Combat Experiencesc | 21.6 | – | 31.0 | 73.5 | I vs. F |
| Went on military patrols | 17.0 | – | 21.2 | 63.2 | I vs. F |
| Was ambushed | 11.1 | – | 8.6 | 47.7 | I vs. F |
| Came under artillery fire | 12.3 | – | 10.9 | 51.1 | I vs. F |
| Shot at the enemy | 10.5 | – | 4.9 | 49.2 | I vs. F |
| Caused death of enemy | 6.5 | – | 1.8 | 32.0 | I vs. F |
| Was nearly shot | 9.4 | – | 10.6 | 36.6 | I vs. F |
| A friend was shot | 11.0 | – | 8.8 | 46.9 | I vs. F |