Fig. 1

Map of Nigeria, highlighting the states included in the study. The conflict-affected states of Borno, Adamawa and Yobe are colored orange; the stable state of Kwara, used for comparative purposes, is colored purple

Map of Nigeria, highlighting the states included in the study. The conflict-affected states of Borno, Adamawa and Yobe are colored orange; the stable state of Kwara, used for comparative purposes, is colored purple