Table 3 Ethics considerations: ethics review, consent, risk minimization, privacy
Ethical Consideration | N (%) |
|---|---|
Ethics Review | |
Yes | 271 (94.1) |
No1 | 2 (0.7) |
Unknown/not mentioned2 | 15 (5.2) |
Type of Investigators3 | |
≥ 1 internal investigator(s) (from country of investigation)4 | 264 (91.7) |
Only external investigators (not from country of investigation)5 | 24 (8.3) |
Location of Ethics Review, if all investigators from a different country (n = 23) | |
External Review | 7 (30.4) |
Internal Review | 4 (17.4) |
Both | 11 (47.8) |
Unknown/not mentioned | 1 (4.3) |
Review of Protocol by Refugee(s) | |
Yes | 23 (8.0) |
Unknown/not mentioned | 265 (92) |
Consent Obtained | |
Yes | 249 (86.5) |
No6 | 2 (0.7) |
Unknown/not mentioned | 37 (12.8) |
Format of Consent (n = 249) | |
Written | 116 (46.6) |
Verbal | 38 (15.3) |
Both | 27 (10.8) |
Unknown/not mentioned | 68 (27.3) |
Reiterative Consent (n = 249) | |
Yes | 17 (6.8) |
Unknown/not mentioned | 232 (93.2) |
Translation of Consent (n = 249) | |
Yes | 162 (65.1) |
Unknown/not mentioned | 87 (34.9) |
Minimization of Risks, mentioned | |
Mentioned | 216 (75.0) |
Unknown/not mentioned | 72 (25.0) |
Risk Minimization (not mutually exclusive, n = 216) | |
Cultural sensitivity (interviewers’ demographics matched) | 78 (36.1) |
Provided trainings for investigators | 61 (28.2) |
Doctor/counselor present, or provided referrals | 33 (15.3) |
Piloted investigation, protocol reviewed by doctor, etc. | 25 (11.6) |
Other | 109 (50.5) |
Unknown/not mentioned | 72 (25.0) |
Privacy Measures Undertaken | |
Mentioned | 143 (49.7) |
Unknown/not mentioned | 145 (50.3) |
Location of Data Collection | |
Private | 183 (63.5) |
Public | 24 (8.3) |
Unknown/not mentioned | 81 (28.1) |
Data Stored as Deidentified | |
Yes | 55 (19.1) |
Unknown/not mentioned | 233 (80.9) |
Collection of Identifiable Information | |
Yes | 66 (22.9) |
No | 47 (16.3) |
Unknown/not mentioned | 175 (60.8) |
Use of an Interpreter | |
Yes | 191 (66.3) |
Sometimes/when available | 6 (2.1) |
No | 15 (5.2) |
Unknown/not mentioned | 76 (26.4) |
Source of Interpreter (n = 197) | |
Native speakers, from community | 46 (23.4) |
Native speakers, from another community | 19 (9.6) |
Native speakers, unspecified community | 17 (8.6) |
Non-native speakers | 6 (3.0) |
Unknown/not mentioned | 109 (55.3) |
Digital/Audio Recording of Any Portion of Data Collection | |
Yes | 78 (27.1) |
No | 57 (19.8) |
Unknown/not mentioned | 153 (53.1) |