Domain | Rationale | Sample items |
---|---|---|
Perceived discrimination | Self-experienced unfair verbal and non-verbal treatment, interpreted as being performed on the basis of prejudice, intentionally or unintentionally | “Feeling disrespected due to my national background” |
Lack of host country specific competences | Individuals’ lack of skills that are instrumental for dealing adequately with and understanding situations, events and procedures that are fairly common in the new society | “Difficulties understanding documents and forms from authorities” |
Material and economic strain | Material and economic hardship, that constitutes a threat against one’s integrity, independence, dignity and wellbeing in the host country | “Worry about unstable financial situation” |
Loss of home country | A longing for a lifestyle and ways of interaction associated with the metaphorical home (or heimat), that was lost through (forced) migration and exile | “Longing for my home country” |
Family and home country concerns | Distress resulting from the impact of past or present conflicts in the home country, and from the consequences these conflicts have on the individual’s family members and loved ones | “Worry about family members that I am separated from” |
Social strain | Social hardship primarily associated with migration to and settlement in the host country society | “Frustration due to loss of status in the Swedish society” |
Family conflicts | Conflicts with significant others that cause tension and/or unwanted emotional responses | “Distressing conflicts in my family” |