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Table 7 Breastfeeding duration

From: Violent conflict and breastfeeding: the case of Iraq

 

All years

Year 2006

Year 2011

Variables

Coefficient

Hazard ratio

Coefficient

Hazard ratio

Coefficient

Hazard ratio

Average casualty rate

0.119

1.1737

−0.270***

0.7633

0.463***

1.7221

(0.175)

 

(0.0949)

 

(0.142)

 

Health

 Low birthweight (below 2.5 kg)

0.137**

1.1613

0.0861

1.0900

0.144**

1.1785

(0.0557)

 

(0.141)

 

(0.0583)

 

 ANC with skilled personnel

0.0745**

1.0918

0.141

1.1509

0.0747**

1.0929

(0.0333)

 

(0.228)

 

(0.0361)

 

 Childbirth with skilled personnel

0.146***

1.1804

0.0859

1.0897

0.163***

1.2044

(0.0397)

 

(0.210)

 

(0.0397)

 

 C-section birth

0.119**

1.1178

−0.0558

0.9457

0.140**

1.1403

(0.0532)

 

(0.0930)

 

(0.0614)

 

 Contraception

−0.105***

0.9146

−0.327***

0.7214

−0.0916***

0.9166

(0.0335)

 

(0.114)

 

(0.0334)

 

Individual/household

 Male child

−0.0996***

0.9125

−0.118*

0.8888

−0.0971***

0.9160

(0.0270)

 

(0.0611)

 

(0.0298)

 

 Children ever born

0.0273*

1.0312

0.644***

1.9049

0.0341***

1.0391

(0.0145)

 

(0.172)

 

(0.0118)

 

 Dead children

0.0177

1.0162

−0.706**

0.4934

0.0235

1.0219

(0.0326)

 

(0.294)

 

(0.0340)

 

 Primaparous mother

0.0417

1.0344

0.272

1.3132

0.0431

1.0355

(0.0572)

 

(0.193)

 

(0.0608)

 

 Child marriage

−0.224***

0.7999

−0.223

0.8001

−0.219***

0.8035

(0.0380)

 

(0.161)

 

(0.0369)

 

 Husband-wife age difference

−0.00383

0.9961

0.00264

1.0026

−0.00488*

0.9949

(0.00239)

 

(0.0108)

 

(0.00277)

 

 Age of mother

−0.0371***

0.9623

−0.0151

0.9850

−0.0414***

0.9578

(0.00483)

 

(0.0158)

 

(0.00434)

 

 Primary education of mother

0.0565

1.0678

−0.134

1.8746

0.0799**

1.0948

(0.0345)

 

(0.102)

 

(0.0353)

 

 Secondary education of mother

0.171***

1.1876

−0.0867

0.9070

0.204***

1.2283

(0.0480)

 

(0.112)

 

(0.0552)

 

 Mother works

0.0254

1.0352

−0.130

0.8780

0.0216

1.0305

(0.0746)

 

(0.109)

 

(0.0772)

 

 Female household head

0.00116

1.0242

−0.149

0.8615

0.0460

1.0813

(0.0929)

 

(0.151)

 

(0.113)

 

Regional

 Urban

0.0450

1.0537

0.133

1.1420

0.0406

1.0497

(0.0444)

 

(0.107)

 

(0.0460)

 

 Kurd

0.405***

1.5240

0.383***

1.4668

0.410***

1.5363

(0.0442)

 

(0.128)

 

(0.0491)

 

 Sunni

0.216**

1.2249

0.173

1.1888

0.118

1.0976

(0.108)

 

(0.180)

 

(0.113)

 

 Year is 2011

0.0240

1.0233

    

(0.0177)

     

 Observations

13,812

 

1924

 

11,888

 
  1. Robust standard errors in parentheses, clustered at level of governorate. *** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, * p < 0.1
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Conflict and Health

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