Table 3 Breastfeeding status

Average casualty rate

− 0.306**

− 0.209

− 0.0973

− 0.205*

− 0.343**

− 0.167

(0.126)

(0.293)

(0.306)

(0.l09)

(0.169)

(0.127)

[−0.0375]

[− 0.0817]

[− 0.0274]

[− 0.0730]

[− 0.0609]

[− 0.0649]

 Low birthweight (below 2.5 kg)

− 0.228***

− 0.0589

− 0.0687

− 0.186***

− 0.124

− 0.193***

(0.0605)

(0.0491)

(0.113)

(0.0468)

(0.107)

(0.0608)

[−0.0326]

[− 0.0230]

[− 0.0188]

[− 0.0686]

[− 0.0237]

[− 0.0763]

 ANC with skilled personnel

0.163***

− 0.0939

− 0.128**

− 0.0340

0.0212

− 0.0304

(0.0425)

(0.0660)

(0.0547)

(0.0321)

(0.0719)

(0.0267)

[0.0214]

[− 0.0369]

[− 0.0370]

[− 0.120]

[0.00380]

[− 0.0118]

 Childbirth with skilled personnel

− 0.0610

− 0.115

0.0390

− 0.0733*

− 0.0153

− 0.104**

(0.0544)

(0.0798)

(0.0792)

(0.0392)

(0.109)

(0.0459)

[−0.00722]

[−0.0454]

[0.0108]

[−0.0257]

[− 0.00270]

[− 0.0400]

 C-section birth

− 0.256***

− 0.902***

− 0.181***

− 0.0597

− 0.174**

−0.0939**

(0.0316)

(0.104)

(0.0640)

(0.0410)

(0.0772)

(0.0386)

[−0.0353]

[− 0.315]

[− 0.0487]

[−0.0214]

[− 0.0329]

[− 0.0368]

 Contraception

− 0.0475

0.00789

− 0.187***

0.0351

− 0.268***

0.207***

(0.0302)

(0.0392)

(0.0528)

(0.0304)

(0.0535)

(0.0431)

[−0.00581]

[0.00309]

[−0.0525]

[0.0125]

[−0.0482]

[0.0808]

 Male child

−0.0324

− 0.00191

0.0981***

0.0567**

0.0695**

0.0714**

(0.0268)

(0.0191)

(0.0361)

(0.0236)

(0.0310)

(0.0316)

[− 0.00398]

[−0.000750]

[0.0276]

[0.0202]

[0.0124]

[0.0278]

 Children ever born

0.0607***

0.0124

0.0264

0.0596***

−0.00164

0.0511***

(0.0100)

(0.00921)

(0.0180)

(0.0104)

(0.0395)

(0.0111)

[0.00744]

[0.00487]

[0.00744]

[0.0212]

[−0.000292]

[0.0199]

 Dead children

−0.447***

0.0294

0.00151

−0.114***

− 0.103

− 0.103***

(0.0325)

(0.0236)

(0.0724)

(0.0319)

(0.0865)

(0.0390)

[−0.0549]

[0.0115]

[0.000424]

[− 0.0407]

[− 0.0184]

[− 0.0403]

 Primaparous mother

−0.0969*

− 0.109**

− 0.0966*

0.0692

− 0.0725

0.126***

(0.0501)

(0.0447)

(0.0571)

(0.0485)

(0.115)

(0.0487)

[−0.0122]

[− 0.0426]

[− 0.0268]

[0.0244]

[− 0.0131]

[0.0487]

 Child marriage

−0.0897

0.00241

−0.112*

− 0.0336

0.00170

0.0294

(0.0568)

(0.0287)

(0.0652)

(0.0272)

(0.0805)

(0.0335)

[−0.0112]

[0.000945]

[−0.0311]

[− 0.0120]

[0.000302]

[0.0114]

 Husband-wife age difference

0.00647

−4.71e-05

− 0.00569

− 0.00180

− 0.00264

− 0.00102

(0.00421)

(0.00221)

(0.00363)

(0.00263)

(0.00692)

(0.00273)

[0.000794]

[−1.84e-05]

[−0.00160]

[− 0.000640]

[− 0.000469]

[− 0.000398]

 Age of mother

− 0.0144***

− 0.00117

− 0.0134***

− 0.00989***

0.00372

− 0.000320

(0.00352)

(0.00289)

(0.00431)

(0.00299)

(0.00861)

(0.00404)

[−0.00176]

[− 0.000457]

[− 0.00377]

[− 0.00352]

[0.000661]

[− 0.000125]

 Primary education of mother

− 0.0285

− 0.107**

− 0.0464

−0.111***

− 0.0998

− 0.0903**

(0.0404)

(0.0448)

(0.0782)

(0.0270)

(0.0714)

(0.0380)

[−0.00350]

[− 0.0420]

[− 0.0131]

[− 0.0393]

[−0.0177]

[− 0.0352]

 Secondary education of mother

−0.0682

− 0.0845

− 0.172***

− 0.241***

− 0.240***

− 0.228***

(0.0471)

(0.0661)

(0.0652)

(0.0355)

(0.0814)

(0.0427)

[−0.00756]

[− 0.0330]

[− 0.0464]

[− 0.0878]

[− 0.0462]

[− 0.0894]

 Mother works

0.0291

0.0180

0.0209

4.71e-05

−0.0653

0.0148

(0.0663)

(0.0883)

(0.0620)

(0.0489)

(0.113)

(0.0611)

[0.00351]

[0.00707]

[0.00592]

[1.67e-05]

[−0.0120]

[0.00574]

 Female household head

0.116

0.00323

0.239**

−0.128*

− 0.0631

− 0.139*

(0.0702)

(0.0399)

(0.111)

(0.0669)

(0.128)

(0.0764)

[0.0154]

[0.00127]

[0.0611]

[−0.0422]

[− 0.0108]

[− 0.0531]

 Urban

−0.186***

0.00626

−0.00783

− 0.0945**

− 0.130**

− 0.112**

(0.0433)

(0.0634)

(0.0533)

(0.0385)

(0.0545)

(0.0456)

[−0.0224]

[0.00245]

[−0.00220]

[− 0.0335]

[− 0.0230]

[− 0.0436]

 Kurd

0.0307

− 0.359*

− 0.00890

− 0.407***

− 0.403***

− 0.471***

(0.0820)

(0.184)

(0.136)

(0.0409)

(0.0470)

(0.0445)

[0.00372]

[−0.136]

[− 0.00250]

[− 0.151]

[− 0.0825]

[− 0.186]

 Sunni

−0.126

− 0.238

−0.119

− 0.102

−0.0565

− 0.165*

(0.0956)

(0.212)

(0.156)

(0.0771)

(0.134)

(0.0897)

[−0.0160]

[−0.0919]

[− 0.0329]

[− 0.0367]

[−0.0102]

[− 0.0648]

 Year is 2011

−0.309

0.264*

−0.335***

− 0.257***

−0.186

− 0.267***

(0.0827)

(0.139)

(0.0927)

(0.0852)

(0.117)

(0.0810)

[−0.0319]

[0.101]

[−0.103]

[−0.0868]

[− 0.0306]

[− 0.101]

 Constant

2.251***

0.219

−0.138

1.312***

1.930***

0.741***

(0.125)

(0.205)

(0.239)

(0.0998)

(0.327)

(0.136)

 Observations

14,701

13,562

4126

13,434

4126

9308