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Table 1 Description of variables

From: Violent conflict and breastfeeding: the case of Iraq

Variable

Description

Conflict

 Average casualty rate

Average conflict-related casualty rate, per 1000 population, in three years preceding survey, in governorate of household

 Pre-birth casualty rate

Average conflict-related casualty rate, per 1000 population, two years prior to birth of child, in governorate of household

Breastfeeding

 Child ever breastfed

Binary indicating if child has ever been breastfed

 Hours to breastfeeding

Binary indicating if the child was breastfed within one hour of birth

 Exclusive breastfeeding

Binary indicating if the child is only breastfed (=1) or receives any other liquids or solids (=0)

 Current breastfeeding

Binary indicating if child was breastfed at time of survey

 Milk or infant formula

Binary indicating if child is receiving milk or infant formula

Health

 Low birthweight below 2.5 kg

Binary indicating if child had low birthweight at birth, defined as being below 2.5 kg

 ANC with skilled personnel

Binary indicating if mother received antenatal care by a health professional (doctor, midwife, or nurse) or licensed birth attendant

 Childbirth with skilled personnel

Binary indicating if child was delivered by a health professional or licensed birth attendant

 Birth by caesarean section

Binary indicating if mother had a caesarean section

 Contraception

Binary indicating if mother or father is currently practicing one of the following methods of contraception: sterilization, pill, IUD, injections, implants, condom, diaphragm, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea method, periodic abstinence, withdrawal

Individual/household

 Male child

Binary indicating if the child is male

 Children ever born

Number of children ever born to the mother

 Dead children

Number of children born to mother who passed away

 Primiparous mother

Binary indicating if the child is a firstborn

 Child marriage

Binary indicating of the mother was married before 18 years

 Husband-wife age difference

Age difference between husband and wife in years

 Age of mother

Age of mother in years

 Primary education of mother

Binary indicating if mother completed primary education

 Secondary education of mother

Binary indicating if mother completed secondary education

 Mother works

Binary indicating if the mother is employed

 Female household head

Binary indicating if the household head is female

Regional

 Urban

Binary indicating if household resides in an urban (=1) or rural (=0) area

 Kurd

Binary indicating if household resides in a Kurd-dominant governorate, found in north-east Iraq

 Sunni

Binary indicating if household resides in a Sunni-dominant governorate, found in the middle and north-west Iraq