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Table 2 Unique indicators identified (n = 132)

From: A systematic review of monitoring and evaluation indicators for sexual and reproductive health in humanitarian settings

Domain

Indicator (Sets it Appears In)

[italics = appears in multiple sets]

Definition (Sets)

Type

Data Source

Overlap with Priority Indicators

Facilities

Service Providers

Affected Population

Program Records

Not Specified

SDG

GS

Core WHO

ARH

Condom use among young people (b)

Percentage of sexually active young people who reported using a condom at last intercourse

Outcome

  

âś“

     

ARH

Incidence of STDs in young people (b)

Number of reported cases of STDs among young people by the specified time period per 1000 young people

Impact

âś“

       

ARH

Proportion of births among those under 18 years (b)

Percentage of all live births which were deliveries among women under 18 years of age

Impact

âś“

    

âś“

âś“

âś“

ARH

Proportion of STIs among those under 18 years (b, d)

Percentage of total number of STIs diagnosed which were diagnosed among those under 18 years of age

Impact

âś“

       

CAC

Abortion services performed with appropriate technology (b)

Percentage of abortion services performed in a given period which are performed with appropriate technology (vacuum aspiration or medical methods)

Output

âś“

       

CAC

Awareness of legal indications for termination of pregnancy (b)

Percentage of providers involved in abortion services who are aware of the legal indications for termination of pregnancy

Output

 

âś“

      

CAC

Coverage of induced abortion (b)

Percentage of all women receiving abortion services in a given facility during a given period who receive induced procedures

Outcome

âś“

       

CAC

Coverage of post-abortion contraception (b)

Percentage of all women receiving abortion services in a given facility during a given period who receive modern contraceptive methods before leaving the facility

Outcome

âś“

       

FP

Barriers to family planning (e)

Percentage of women not currently using a family planning method who report at least one barrier to family planning (except for fertility-related reasons)

Output

  

âś“

     

FP

Difficulty accessing contraception after the disaster (c)

Proportion of PP women who have had difficulty accessing their contraceptive method since the disaster

Output

  

âś“

     

FP

Community knowledge concerning family planning (b)

Percentage of all sexually active persons targeted for family planning messages who are able to cite major messages about family planning

Output

  

âś“

     

FP

Ever heard of modern family planning methods (e)

Percentage of women of reproductive age who have ever heard of at least one modern family planning method

Output

  

âś“

     

FP

Contraceptive supply (b)

Percentage of service delivery points which maintain a minimum of 3 months’ supply of combined oral contraceptive pills, progestin-only pills, and injectables

Process

âś“

       

FP

Couple years protection (d)

Duration of contraceptive protection provided by all contraceptives sold or distributed free of charge to clients per 1-year period

Output

âś“

       

FP

Coverage of FP counselling (b)

Percentage of clients attending FP services who are offered FP counselling in addition to receiving a method of contraception

Output

âś“

       

FP

Unmet need for family planning (e)

Percentage of all women of reproductive age who are currently not using a family planning method and are at risk for pregnancy (not using a method, not currently pregnant or postpartum, fecund, sexually active in the last 30 days, and do not want a baby in the immediate future)

Outcome

  

âś“

     

FP

Contraceptive prevalence (b, d, c)

Percentage of women 15–49 years of age who are using (or whose partner is using) a contraceptive method (b, d); Proportion of PP women who are currently practicing family planning with their partner, including natural family planning methods (c)

Outcome

âś“

 

âś“

    

âś“

FP

Modern contraceptive prevalence (e)

Percentage of all women of reproductive age who are using any modern family planning method

Outcome

  

âś“

    

âś“

FP

Use of family planning before disaster (c)

Proportion of PP women who were using a contraceptive method just before the disaster

Outcome

  

âś“

     

FP

Ever used modern family planning methods (e)

Percentage of women of reproductive age who have ever used at least one modern family planning method

Outcome

  

âś“

     

FP

Future intent to use a method in the next 12 months (e)

Percentage of women not currently using a family planning method who intend to use a family planning method in the next 12 months

Impact

  

âś“

     

GBV

Availability of clinical management of rape survivors (a, h, f)

Percentage of health facilities offering clinical management of rape survivors, including EC, PEP and presumptive STI treatment (a,h); Number of functional health facilities with clinical management of rape survivors in a defined administrative or health area at a certain time point (h); Not specified (f)

Output

âś“

     

âś“

 

GBV

Percentage of health workers trained on clinical management of rape (h)

Percentage of all health workers which have been trained on Clinical Management of Rape

Output

    

âś“

   

GBV

Proportion of community-based workers trained in psychosocial support for GBV survivors (h)

Percentage of all community workers that have been trained in GBV psychosocial support

Output

    

âś“

   

GBV

Favorable to the continuation of FGC (e)

Percentage of women who have ever heard of FGC who think the practice should continue

Outcome

  

âś“

     

GBV

Future intent of FGC (e)

Percentage of women who have at least one daughter and have heard of FGC who intend to have youngest daughter’s genitals cut in the future

Outcome

  

âś“

     

GBV

Prevalence of female genital cutting (e)

Percentage of women of reproductive age who have ever had their genitals cut

Outcome

  

âś“

  

âś“

âś“

 

GBV

Prevalence of female genital cutting among youngest daughter that occurred in current setting (e)

Percentage of women who have at least one daughter and have heard of FGC whose youngest daughter ever had their genitals cut and the cutting was done in their current location

Outcome

  

âś“

     

GBV

Number of reported rape cases (a, d)

Number of rape cases reported to health facilities within a specific time period (time period for reporting to be set locally) (a); Number of rape cases reported per 10,000 population per year (d)

Impact

âś“

       

GBV

Number of reported sexual violence cases (b, h)

Number of cases of sexual violence reported to health services per month per 10,000 population

Impact

âś“

       

GBV

Communities indicating there is a risk of physical or sexual violence (h)

Percentage of all communities which indicate that there is a risk of physical or sexual violence

Outcome

    

âś“

   

GBV

Intimate partner violence (IPV) ever (e)

Percentage of ever-partnered women who have ever experienced IPV by a current or previous partner

Impact

  

âś“

     

GBV

IPV in past year (e)

Percentage of women partnered in the past 12 months who have experienced IPV in the past 12 months

Impact

  

âś“

  

âś“

âś“

âś“

GBV

Outsider physical violence during conflict (e)

Percentage of women of reproductive age who have experienced physical violence by someone outside of their family during the conflict

Impact

  

âś“

     

GBV

Outsider physical violence post-conflict (e)

Percentage of women of reproductive age who have experienced physical violence by someone outside of their family post-conflict

Impact

  

âś“

     

GBV

Outsider sexual violence during conflict (e)

Percentage of women of reproductive age who have experienced sexual violence by someone outside of their family during the conflict

Impact

  

âś“

     

GBV

Outsider sexual violence post-conflict (e)

Percentage of women of reproductive age who have experience sexual violence by someone outside of their family post-conflict

Impact

  

âś“

     

GBV

Physical intimate partner violence since disaster (c)

Percentage of pregnant women reporting physical violence by husband or partner since the disaster

Impact

  

âś“

     

GBV

Physical violence by family members in past year (e)

Percentage of women of reproductive age who have experienced physical violence by family members in the past year

Impact

  

âś“

     

GBV

Physical violence by persons other than intimate partners since disaster (c)

Percentage of pregnant women reporting physical violence by person other than husband or partner since the disaster

Impact

  

âś“

     

GBV

Sexual violence by anyone, including intimate partners since disaster (c)

Percentage of pregnant women reporting sexual violence by anyone including husband or partner since the disaster

Impact

  

âś“

     

GBV

Current needs for services for family violence (c)

Percentage of pregnant women reporting current need for services to reduce violence in family

Outcome

  

âś“

     

GBV

Perceived effect of violence on physical or emotional health (c)

Percentage of pregnant women reporting perceived effects of the violence on physical or emotional health

Impact

  

âś“

     

GBV

Sought treatment for effects of violence (c)

Percentage of pregnant women who have experienced violence since the disaster and sought treatment from a doctor, counsellor, or any other medical care provider for resulting physical and/or emotional problems

Impact

  

âś“

     

GBV

Humanitarian organizations and service providers with codes of conduct for own staff (h)

Percentage of humanitarian organizations and service providers that have in place codes of conduct on prevention of sexual exploitation and abuse by own staff

Output

    

âś“

   

GBV

Humanitarian organizations and service providers with community-based feedback and complaint mechanisms (h)

Percentage of humanitarian organizations and service providers that have in place community-based feedback and complaint mechanisms

Output

    

âś“

   

GBV

Reporting IPV (e)

Percentage of women who have ever experienced IPV who told an authority (doctor/provider, police, military, NGO worker) about any incidence of IPV

Impact

  

âś“

     

GBV

Reporting outsider violence (e)

Percentage of women who experienced outsider violence during and post-conflict who told an authority (doctor/provider, police, military, NGO worker) about any incident of outsider violence

Impact

  

âś“

     

GBV

Timing of EC provision (b, d, h)

Percentage of all rape cases reported within 120 h where survivors receive ECP within 120 h of incident (b, d); Percentage of female rape survivors who receive ECP within 120 h of the incident (h)

Outcome

âś“

       

GBV

Timing of PEP provision (b, d, h)

Percentage of all rape cases reported within 72 h where survivors receive PEP within 72 h of incident (b, d); Percentage of reported rape cases where survivor receives PEP for HIV within 72 h of incident (h)

Outcome

âś“

     

âś“

 

GBV

Timing of STI prophylaxis (b, d)

Percentage of all rape cases reported in which survivors receive presumptive STI treatment within 2 weeks of an incident occurring (b); Percentage of all rape cases reported within 2 weeks where survivors receive presumptive STI treatment within 2 weeks (d)

Outcome

âś“

       

HIV

Eligibility for ART (d)

Number of people enrolled in HIV care and eligible for ART but not started on ART by end of period in one camp over a one-year time period

Impact

âś“

       

HIV

Number on ART (d)

Number of people started on ART in one camp over a one-month time period

Outcome

âś“

     

âś“

âś“

HIV

Coverage of HIV rapid tests for safe blood transfusion (a)

Percentage of health service delivery points with sufficient HIV rapid tests to screen blood for transfusion

Output

âś“

       

HIV

Quality of blood donation screening (b, d, f)

Percentage of donated blood units screened for HIV in a quality assured manner (b, d); Not specified (f)

Outcome

âś“

       

HIV

Condom distribution rate (d, a)

Number of condoms distributed per person per month (d); Number of male condoms distributed per total population per month (a)

Output

âś“

       

HIV

Condom use (b, e)

Percentage of sexually active people reporting condom use at last intercourse (b); Percentage of women who had sex with a casual partner in the last 12 months who did not use a condom at last intercourse €

Outcome

  

âś“

    

âś“

HIV

Accepting attitudes of people living with HIV/AIDS (e)

Percentage of women who have ever heard of HIV/AIDS who indicate that they: do not believe HIV positive status of family member should be kept secret, are willing to care for HIV positive family member in home, believe HIV positive teacher should be allowed to continue teaching, and would buy fresh vegetables from an HIV positive person

Outcome

  

âś“

     

HIV

Comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS (e)

Percentage of women of reproductive age who indicate that they: know condoms prevent HIV, know sex with only 1 faithful uninfected partner prevents HIV, do not think mosquitoes transmit HIV, do not think sharing food transmits HIV, and know a healthy-looking person can have HIV

Outcome

  

âś“

     

HIV

Comprehensive correct knowledge of mother-to-child transmission of HIV/AIDS (e)

Percentage of women of reproductive age who know that HIV/AIDS can be transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy or delivery, and through breastfeeding

Outcome

  

âś“

     

HIV

Perceived risk of getting HIV/AIDS (e)

Percentage of women who have ever heard of HIV/AIDS who believe they are at moderate to high risk of getting HIV/AIDS among women who have ever heard of HIV/AIDS

Outcome

  

âś“

     

HIV

Enrolled in HIV care who had TB status assessed (d)

Percentage of people enrolled in HIV care and seen for care who had TB status assessed and recorded during their last visit

Output

âś“

       

HIV

Targeting of people most at risk of exposure to HIV with a HIV prevention programme (f)

Not Specified

Output

    

âś“

   

HIV

Timing of PEP (f, g)

Percentage of individuals potentially exposed to HIV that receive PEP within 72 h of incident

Outcome

   

âś“

    

HIV

Infant HIV positive rate (d)

Percentage of all deliveries to HIV-positive mothers where the infant tested positive at 18 months of age

Impact

âś“

       

HIV

PMTCT ARV coverage (infant) (d)

Percentage of all deliveries to HIV-positive mothers where the infant swallowed ARV within 72 h of delivery

Outcome

âś“

       

HIV

PMTCT ARV coverage (mother) (d)

Percentage of all deliveries to HIV-positive mothers where the mother swallowed ARV during labour/delivery

Outcome

âś“

      

âś“

HIV

PMTCT ARV coverage (mother-infant pair) (b, d)

Percentage of all deliveries to HIV-positive mothers where the mother-infant pair swallowed ARV according to protocol

Outcome

âś“

      

âś“

HIV

PMTCT ARV use for treatment (d)

Percentage of all eligible HIV-infected pregnant women who received anti-retroviral as treatment

Outcome

âś“

       

HIV

Receipt of ARV drugs for PMTCT by pregnant women known to be HIV positive (f)

Not Specified

Outcome

    

âś“

  

âś“

HIV

PMTCT Co-trimoxazole prophylaxis (infant) (d)

Percentage of all deliveries to HIV-positive mothers where the infant was started on co-trimoxazole prophylaxis

Outcome

âś“

       

HIV

PMTCT Co-trimoxazole prophylaxis (mother) (d)

Percentage of all deliveries to HIV-positive mothers where the mother was started on co-trimoxazole prophylaxis

Outcome

âś“

       

HIV

PMTCT pre-test counselling coverage (b, d)

Percentage of first ANC visit clients who were pre-test counselled

Output

âś“

       

HIV

PMTCT Exclusive breastfeeding rate (d)

Percentage of all deliveries to HIV-positive mothers where the mother plans to exclusively breastfeed after delivery

Outcome

âś“

       

HIV

PMTCT Family planning acceptance rate (d)

Percentage of all deliveries to HIV-positive mothers where the mother accepted a modern method of family planning after delivery

Outcome

âś“

       

HIV

PMTCT HIV prevalence rate (d)

Percentage of all first antenatal care visits with HIV testing where the patient tested positive for HIV

Impact

âś“

       

HIV

PMTCT Home-based counselling (d)

Percentage of all deliveries to HIV-positive mothers where the mother received at least one home-based counselling visit after delivery

Output

âś“

       

HIV

PMTCT Post-test counselling and result (partners) (d)

Percentage of all antenatal care partners, who were pre-test counselled and HIV tested, who received post-test results and counselling

Output

âś“

       

HIV

PMTCT post-test counselling and result (b, d)

Percentage of first ANC visit clients tested for HIV who receive post-test result and counselling

Output

âś“

       

HIV

Proportional PMTCT service use by Nationals (d)

Percentage of all PMTCT clients pre-test counselled who were Nationals

Outcome

âś“

       

HIV

Coverage of supplies for standard precautions (g, a)

Percentage of health service delivery points with adequate supplies to carry out standard precautions

Output

âś“

       

HIV

Proportional VCT service use by nationals (d)

Percentage of all VCT clients pre-test counselled who are Nationals

Outcome

âś“

       

HIV

Received HIV test results in the last 12 months (e)

Percentage of women who were tested for HIV in the last 12 months who received their HIV test results

Output

  

âś“

     

HIV

VCT post-test counselling and result (b, d)

Percentage of VCT clients tested for HIV who received post-test result and counselling

Output

âś“

       

HIV

Would have an HIV test in the future (e)

Percentage of women who have ever heard of HIV/AIDS who would go for an HIV test in the future

Outcome

  

âś“

     

MH

Complete ANC coverage (b, d, e)

Percentage of total number of live births in which the mother made at least 4 ANC visits during the antenatal period at the time of delivery (b, d); Percentage of all women whose most recent pregnancy ended in a live birth or stillbirth in the last two years who received at least 3 antenatal care visits by a trained provider (e)

Outcome

âś“

 

âś“

   

âś“

âś“

MH

Coverage of syphilis screening (b, d)

Percentage of total number of live births where the mother had been screened for syphilis during the antenatal period at the time of delivery

Outcome

âś“

     

âś“

 

MH

Tetanus vaccination coverage (b, d)

Percentage of total number of live births where the mother had received 2 doses of tetanus toxoid vaccine (or were fully vaccinated) during the antenatal period at the time of delivery

Outcome

âś“

       

MH

Timing of first antenatal visit (d)

Percentage of first-time antenatal visits that were made in the first trimester

Outcome

âś“

       

MH

Coverage of intermittent presumptive treatment for malaria (d)

Percentage of all live births where the mother had received two doses of fansidar prophylaxis during the antenatal period at the time of delivery

Outcome

âś“

      

âś“

MH

Coverage of long-lasting insecticidal nets (g)

Number of pregnant and lactating women and children under 5 sleeping nightly under net

Outcome

   

âś“

    

MH

Percentage of caesarean section (b, d, f, h)

Percentage of live births which are delivered via Caesarean sections

Outcome

âś“

       

MH

Coverage of clean delivery kits (a, g, f)

Number of clean delivery kits distributed per hundred pregnant women per month (a, g); Women in third trimester of pregnancy who have received clean delivery kits (f)

Output

   

âś“

    

MH

Delivery assisted by a skilled attendant (b, d, h, e)

Percentage of all deliveries which are attended by a trained health worker (b); Percentage of all live births attended by skilled birth attendants (d, h); Percentage of all women whose most recent pregnancy ended in a live birth or stillbirth in the last two years whose delivery was attended by a trained health care provider at a health facility (e)

Outcome

âś“

 

âś“

  

âś“

âś“

âś“

MH

BEmOC services availability (f, h)

Number of functional health facilities with BEmOC per 500,000 population

Output

âś“

     

âś“

 

MH

CEmOC services availability (f, h)

Number of functional health facilities with CEmOC per 500,000 population

Output

âś“

     

âś“

 

MH

EmOC needs met (b)

Percentage of all deliveries with major obstetric complications which are treated at an EmOC facility

Outcome

âś“

       

MH

EmOC services availability (b)

Number of health facilities with basic and/or comprehensive obstetric care per 500,000 population by administrative unit

Output

âś“

     

âś“

 

MH

EmOC services utilization (b, d)

Percentage of all deliveries which occur in an EmOC center

Outcome

âś“

       

MH

Health problems during pregnancy (c)

Percentage of women reporting health problems that require ongoing care. This includes diabetes, vaginal bleeding, urinary tract infections, sever nausea and vomiting, hypertensive disorders, heart problems, and any other identified by the interviewee.

Outcome

  

âś“

     

MH

Prevalence of anaemia (d)

Percentage of all antenatal mothers tested for anaemia with severe and moderate anaemia

Impact

âś“

       

MH

Prevalence of syphilis (d)

Percentage of antenatal mothers tested for syphilis that tested positive on Rapid Plasma Reagent testing

Impact

âś“

       

MH

Help-seeking behavior for postpartum complications (e)

Percentage of all women who reported postpartum complications after their most recent pregnancy that ended in a live birth or stillbirth in the last two years who sought help at a health facility

Outcome

  

âś“

     

MH

Help-seeking behavior for pregnancy complications (e)

Percentage of all women who reported complications before labor or delivery with their most recent pregnancy that ended in a live birth or stillbirth in the last two years who sought help at a health facility

Outcome

  

âś“

     

MH

Knowledge of danger signs of pregnancy complications (e)

Percentage of all women of reproductive age who know at least two danger signs of pregnancy complications

Output

  

âś“

     

MH

Pregnant women aware of where to go for labour and delivery (g)

Percentage of women who receive birth kits who receive counselling on the need for skilled birth attendance for delivery and know where to go

Output

  

âś“

     

MH

Proportion of low birth weight (c, b, d)

Proportion of postpartum women who reported their infants weighed less than 2500 g at birth (c); Percentage of total number of live births (with birth weight recorded) where the infant weighs less than 2500 g (b, d)

Impact

âś“

 

âś“

    

âś“

MH

Preterm birth (c)

Proportion of PP women who reported they delivered a live singleton baby at least three weeks before their due date

Impact

  

âś“

     

MH

Direct obstetric case fatality rate (b)

Percentage of all women seen for a direct obstetric complication at an EmOC facility who die of a direct obstetric complication

Impact

âś“

       

MH

Investigation of maternal deaths (b, d)

Percentage of total number of reported maternal deaths which are investigated

Output

âś“

      

âś“

MH

Maternal mortality ratio (d)

Number of pregnancy-related deaths per 100,000 live births

Impact

âś“

    

âś“

âś“

âś“

MH

Number of maternal deaths reported (d)

Number of reported maternal deaths

Output

âś“

       

MH

Abortion ratio (d)

Number of abortions (defined as spontaneous miscarriage before 22 weeks gestation) per 1000 live births

Impact

âś“

       

MH

Neonatal mortality rate (b, d)

Number of live born infants who die at less than 28 days of age per 1000 live births in the specified period

Impact

âś“

    

âś“

âś“

âś“

MH

Stillbirth rate (b, d)

Number of still births per 1000 births (still and live) per month

Impact

âś“

     

âś“

âś“

MH

Access to postpartum care (c)

Not specified

Output

  

âś“

     

MH

Postnatal care coverage (b, d, e)

Percentage of all live births where the mother received postnatal care 3 times within 6 weeks of delivery (b, d); Percentage of all women whose most recent pregnancy ended in a live birth or stillbirth in the last two years who received at least 1 postpartum care visit within six weeks after delivery (e)

Outcome

âś“

 

âś“

   

âś“

âś“

MH

Disaster related difficulty when accessing postpartum care (c)

Percentage of women who experienced difficulty obtaining a postpartum check-up because of the disaster

Outcome

  

âś“

     

MH

Crude birth rate (d)

Number of live births per 1000 total population

Impact

âś“

       

MH

Currently pregnant (e)

Percentage of all women of reproductive age who are currently pregnant

Impact

  

âś“

     

MH

Pregnancies in last two years (e)

Percentage of all women of reproductive age who have had one or more pregnancies in the last two years

Impact

  

âś“

     

STI

Incidence of genital ulcer disease (b, d)

Number of cases of genital ulcer disease per 1000 population per month

Impact

âś“

      

âś“

STI

Incidence of male urethral discharge (b, d)

Number of cases of male urethral discharge reported per 1000 population per month

Impact

âś“

      

âś“

STI

Selected STI-associated symptoms in the past 12 months (e)

Percentage of women of reproductive age who have had unusual genital discharge and/or genital ulcers or sores in the last 12 months

Impact

  

âś“

    

âś“

STI

Syphilis prevalence rate (OPD) (d)

Percentage of all STI patients tested who tested positive for syphilis using a pre-qualified syphilis test

Impact

âś“

       

STI

Help-seeking behaviors for treating selected STI-associated symptoms (e)

Percentage of women who had unusual genital discharge and/or genital ulcers or sores in the last 12 months who went to a health facility for treatment

Outcome

  

âś“

     

STI

Knowledge of selected STI-associated symptoms (e)

Percentage of women of reproductive age who know at least one of three selected STI-associated symptoms

Output

  

âś“

     

STI

Partner tracing (d)

Percentage of positive syphilis cases where contacts were tested

Output

âś“

       

STI

Access to STI services since disaster (c)

Not Specified

Output

  

âś“

     

STI

Primary healthcare facilities with antimicrobials to provide syndromic management to patients presenting with symptoms of an STI (f)

Not Specified

Output

âś“

       

STI

STI/RTI case management (b)

Percentage of total number of patients with STI/RTI accessing services that are assessed, treated and counselled according to protocol

Outcome

âś“

       

STI

STI/RTI management skills of service providers (b)

Percentage of service providers trained (or retrained) to manage STI/RTI cases according to protocol

Process

 

âś“

      
  1. 1Priority indicator sets include: The Sustainable Development Goal Monitoring Framework Indicators (SDG); the Global Strategy for Women, Children and Adolescents Monitoring and Evaluation Framework Indicators (GS); and the WHO’s Global Reference List of 100 Core Health Indicators (Core)
  2. a: MISP Indicators
  3. b: Comprehensive Reproductive Health Service Indicators
  4. c: Indicators for Pregnant and Postpartum Women after Disaster
  5. d: Health Information System Standards and Indicators
  6. e: Reproductive Health Assessment Toolkit for Conflict-Affected Women Key Indicator List
  7. f: Sphere Standards Indicators
  8. g: Response Monitoring Indicator List for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health and Nutrition in Emergencies
  9. h: OCHA Indicators Registry