| Model I | Model II | Model III | Model IV |
---|---|---|---|---|
β | β | β | β | |
Gender | ||||
 Female | 1.06*** | 1.03*** | 0.87** | 2.34*** |
 Male (ref.) |  |  |  |  |
Migration Pathway | ||||
 Refugee |  | 0.31 | 0.56 | 1.08** |
 Asylum Seeker (ref.) |  |  |  |  |
 Female*Refugee |  |  |  | −1.77** |
Place of Birth | ||||
 MENA (exc. Iran and Iraq) | 2.35*** | 2.50*** | 2.20*** | 2.01*** |
 Iran | 3.05*** | 3.11*** | 2.17*** | 2.14*** |
 Iraq | 3.17*** | 3.14*** | 2.60*** | 2.62*** |
 Central & Southern Asia (exc. Afghanistan) | 2.35*** | 2.41*** | 2.56*** | 2.61*** |
 Afghanistan | 0.75 | 0.80 | 0.39 | 0.43 |
 Other (ref.) |  |  |  |  |
Age | 0.03** | 0.03** | 0.02 | 0.02 |
Marital Status | ||||
 Married (ref.) |  |  |  |  |
 Separated/Divorced/Widowed | 1.62*** | 1.63** | 0.96* | 0.96* |
 Never Married | −0.45 | −0.44 | −0.22 | −0.22 |
Education | ||||
 Primary or Less | −0.17 | −0.27 | −0.24 | −0.20 |
 Preparatory | −0.58 | −0.66 | −0.76 | −0.75 |
 Sector/Trade | −0.09 | −0.15 | −0.46 | −0.46 |
 University Degree (ref.) |  |  |  |  |
Previous Employment | ||||
 Yes (ref.) |  |  |  |  |
 No | 0.28 | 0.27 | 0.46 | 0.51 |
Previous Trauma Experience | ||||
 Yes |  |  | 0.92** | 0.97** |
 No (ref.) |  |  |  |  |
Settlement Stressors | ||||
 Worry about family/friends overseas | ||||
  Yes |  |  | 0.03 | 0.07 |
  No (ref.) |  |  |  |  |
 Getting used to life in Australia | ||||
  Yes |  |  | 0.70* | 0.65* |
  No (ref.) |  |  |  |  |
 Language Barriers | ||||
  Yes |  |  | 0.26 | 0.25 |
  No (ref.) |  |  |  |  |
 Discrimination | ||||
  Yes |  |  | 0.33 | 0.38 |
  No (ref.) |  |  |  |  |
 Financial situation | ||||
  Yes |  |  | 1.64*** | 1.61*** |
  No (ref.) |  |  |  |  |
 House situation | ||||
  Yes |  |  | 1.56*** | 1.54*** |
  No (ref.) | ||||
 Work situation | ||||
  Yes |  |  | −0.42 | −0.40 |
  No (ref.) |  |  |  |  |
 Loneliness | ||||
  Yes |  |  | 2.41*** | 2.45*** |
  No (ref.) |  |  |  |  |
 Family Safety | ||||
  Yes |  |  | 0.16 | 0.18 |
  No (ref.) |  |  |  |  |
 School/Study | ||||
  Yes |  |  | 0.62 | 0.58 |
  No (ref.) |  |  |  |  |
N | 2155 | 2155 | 2107 | 2107 |
R2 | 0.0860 | 0.0864 | 0.1895 | 0.1924 |