Table 4 Factors associated with NCD care-seeking behaviour (N = 964). Fully adjusted aOR controlled for age, gender, education, diabetes, hypertension, chronic respiratory disease, cardiovascular condition, household income and household size
| Â | Did not seek NCD care when needed | Did seek NCD care when needed | Odds Ratios (OR): Sought NCD care when needed | Â | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | % (n) | % (n) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p value (Wald test) |
Age groups | |||||
 18–39 | 35.1% (68) | 65.0% (126) | reference | reference |  |
 40–59 | 23.2% (103) | 76.9% (342) | 1.79 (1.24–2.59) | 1.16 (0.77–1.76) | 0.039 |
 ≥60 | 14.8% (48) | 85.2% (277) | 3.11 (2.02–4.81) | 1.97 (1.14–3.42) |  |
Gender | |||||
 Male | 23.1% (83) | 76.9% (276) | reference | reference |  |
 Female | 22.5% (136) | 77.5% (469) | 1.04 (0.76–1.42) | 0.98 (0.69–1.38) | 0.891 |
Education | |||||
 None | 18.3% (55) | 81.7% (245) | reference | reference |  |
 Primary | 23.8% (63) | 76.2% (202) | 0.72 (0.48–1.07) | 1.07 (0.67–1.70) | 0.674 |
 Secondary and higher | 25.3% (101) | 74.7% (298) | 0.66 (0.46–0.96) | 1.20 (0.77–1.88) |  |
Physical disability | |||||
 No | 23.5% (200) | 76.6% (653) | reference | – | – |
 Yes | 17.1% (19) | 82.9% (92) | 1.48 (0.84–2.63) | – | – |
Legal status | |||||
 No | 23.0% (41) | 77.0% (137) | reference | – | – |
 Yes | 22.7% (178) | 77.4% (608) | 1.02 (0.70–1.48) | – | – |
Conditions | |||||
 Any NCD but diabetes (type I/II) | 30.4% (161) | 69.6% (369) | reference | reference |  |
 Diabetes (type I/II) | 13.4% (58) | 86.6% (376) | 2.83 (2.03–3.94) | 2.41 (1.71–3.40) | < 0.001 |
 Any NCD but hypertension | 31.5% (107) | 68.5% (233) | reference | reference |  |
 Hypertension | 18.0% (112) | 82.1% (512) | 2.10 (1.53–2.88) | 1.80 (1.26–2.57) | 0.001 |
 Any NCD but cardiovascular conditions | 21.9% (154) | 78.1% (550) | reference | reference |  |
 Cardiovascular conditions | 25.0% (65) | 75.0% (195) | 0.84 (0.61–1.16) | 0.71 (0.49–1.02) | 0.062 |
 Any NCD but chronic respiratory diseases | 21.2% (176) | 78.8% (654) | reference | reference |  |
 Chronic respiratory diseases | 32.1% (43) | 67.9% (91) | 0.57 (0.37–0.87) | 1.03 (0.63–1.69) | 0.904 |
 Any NCD but cancer | 22.5% (211) | 77.6% (729) | reference | – | – |
 Cancer | 33.3% (8) | 66.7% (16) | 0.58 (0.24–1.37) | – | – |
 Any NCD but thyroid disease | 22.3% (189) | 77.7% (658) | reference | – | – |
 Thyroid disease | 25.6% (30) | 74.4% (87) | 0.83 (0.54–1.29) | – | – |
Household size | |||||
 1–5 members | 26.2% (68) | 73.9% (192) | reference | reference |  |
 6–10 members | 23.0% (133) | 77.0% (446) | 1.19 (0.84–1.68) | 1.17 (0.81–1.70) | 0.200 |
 11–25 members | 14.4% (18) | 85.6% (107) | 2.11 (1.17–3.78) | 1.80 (0.94–3.41) |  |
Income | |||||
 Lowest (first quintile) | 25.3% (61) | 74.7% (180) | reference | reference |  |
 (2nd quintile) | 25.3% (68) | 74.7% (201) | 1.00 (0.69–1.45) | 0.96 (0.65–1.41) |  |
 (3rd quintile) | 23.3% (27) | 76.7% (89) | 1.12 (0.67–1.87) | 0.99 (0.58–1.69) | 0.076 |
 (4th quintile) | 23.9% (43) | 76.1% (137) | 1.08 (0.72–1.63) | 1.00 (0.66–1.53) |  |
 Highest (5th quintile) | 12.7% (20) | 87.3% (138) | 2.34 (1.36–4.02) | 2.07 (1.16–3.70) |  |
Household in debt | |||||
 No | 19.6% (32) | 80.4% (131) | reference | – | – |
 Yes | 23.4% (187) | 76.7% (614) | 0.80 (0.53–1.22) | – | – |
Household received WFP food vouchers | |||||
 No | 30.4% (14) | 69.6% (32) | reference | – | – |
 Yes | 22.3% (205) | 77.7% (713) | 1.52 (0.81–2.85) | – | – |
Location of household | |||||
 Rural | 23.0% (97) | 77.0% (324) | reference | – | – |
 Urban | 22.5% (122) | 77.5% (421) | 1.03 (0.76–1.41) | – | – |