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1.Initial assessment
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Quantitative and qualitative information on background to the displacement, population, risk factors related to the main diseases and requirements in terms of resources through observation, interviews, sample surveys, mapping.
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Usually approximate, results may need to be corroborated later.
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2.Measles immunization
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Displacement, overcrowding and poor hygiene are factors that encourage emergence of large scale epidemics.
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Mass vaccination of children from 6 months to 15 years should be a priority during the first week.
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3.Water and sanitation
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Prevention of diarrhoeal diseases and survival
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Ensure immediate provision with temporary water supply until more permanent solutions (wells) can be found
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Indicators in regard to water supply and latrines must be monitored.
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4.Food and nutrition
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Malnutrition is often associated with displacement
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Provision of food ration to cover daily minimum needs
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Feeding programs for specific groups are supplementary feeding for moderately malnourished and therapeutic or intensive feeding for the severely malnourished.
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5.Shelter and site planning
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Provide protection from environment
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Prevent transmission of diseases with epidemic potential link to overcrowding and inadequate shelter
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Ensure sufficient infrastructure for providing services (e.g. health facilities)
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6.Health care in emergency phase
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Create a decentralized network of health facilities
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Provide manuals and guidelines for standardization
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Ensure medical material and drugs in sufficient quantity and quality – (i.e. Kits of essential drugs and material)
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7.Control of communicable diseases and epidemics
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Four greatest killers: measles, diarrhoea, acute respiratory infections and malaria
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Higher risk of communicable diseases: measles, cholera, shigellosis, meningitis etc.
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Preventative measures are to be privileged when possible (e.g. vaccination campaigns)
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8.Public health surveillance
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Monitoring the health status of the population
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Daily collection of selected health data – only cover diseases or other health problems that can be controlled by preventive or curative interventions.
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Most useful health indicator is the daily crude mortality rate
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Objectives: warn of an impending epidemic, monitor the main diseases occurring In the population and measure the impact of health programs
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9.Human resources and training
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Determine staff requirements after identification of activities
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Human resources management including recruitment and training
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Important to ensure the link with the community: Home visitors
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10.Coordination
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Must be organized at the onset of the crisis
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A good system involves: overall clear leadership with good communication lines and that overall policy is standardized
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