Table 3 Results of linear regression for weight-for-height z-scores. Model 1 has no covariates, Model 2 includes all environmental, household, caregiver, and child covariates, Model 3 has select covariates based on significance in Model 2 (p < 0.05)
WHZ Model 1 (no covar.) | WHZ Model 2 (all covar.) | WHZ Model 3 (select covar.) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coeff. | p-value | Std. Err. | Coeff. | p-value | Std. Err. | Coeff. | p-value | Std. Err. | |
States | |||||||||
Conflict states | ref | ref | ref | ||||||
Non-conflict states | −0.370 | 0.001 | 0.110 | −0.481 | 0.000 | 0.107 | −0.473 | 0.000 | 0.105 |
Period | |||||||||
2008 | ref | ref | ref | ||||||
2013 | −0.371 | 0.000 | 0.091 | −0.273 | 0.049 | 0.138 | −0.265 | 0.056 | 0.138 |
Double-Difference | |||||||||
States * Period = 0 | ref | ref | ref | ||||||
States * Period = 1 | 0.463 | 0.001 | 0.141 | 0.486 | 0.000 | 0.119 | 0.486 | 0.000 | 0.120 |
Month | |||||||||
February | 0.294 | 0.008 | 0.110 | 0.278 | 0.013 | 0.110 | |||
March | 0.252 | 0.000 | 0.067 | 0.246 | 0.000 | 0.065 | |||
April | 0.240 | 0.001 | 0.069 | 0.234 | 0.001 | 0.067 | |||
May | 0.223 | 0.001 | 0.066 | 0.205 | 0.002 | 0.064 | |||
June | 0.323 | 0.000 | 0.077 | 0.319 | 0.000 | 0.076 | |||
July | 0.387 | 0.000 | 0.087 | 0.394 | 0.000 | 0.084 | |||
August | 0.338 | 0.001 | 0.097 | 0.327 | 0.001 | 0.095 | |||
September | 0.125 | 0.220 | 0.101 | 0.114 | 0.257 | 0.101 | |||
October | 0.412 | 0.000 | 0.114 | 0.380 | 0.001 | 0.111 | |||
Altitude (m) | |||||||||
Altitude | −0.001 | 0.036 | 0.001 | −0.001 | 0.027 | 0.000 | |||
Altitude squared | 0.000 | 0.010 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.007 | 0.000 | |||
Urban/Rural | |||||||||
Rural | ref | ||||||||
Urban | −0.094 | 0.745 | 0.288 | ||||||
Urban population | |||||||||
50–100,000 | ref | ref | |||||||
100–500,000 | 0.293 | 0.330 | 0.301 | 0.259 | 0.401 | 0.308 | |||
> 1 million | 0.805 | 0.009 | 0.304 | 0.721 | 0.020 | 0.309 | |||
Not urban | – | – | – | 0.103 | 0.724 | 0.290 | |||
Wealth | |||||||||
Wealthiest 3 quintiles | ref | ||||||||
Poorest 2 quintiles | 0.140 | 0.067 | 0.076 | ||||||
Water source | |||||||||
Unimproved | ref | ||||||||
Improved | 0.020 | 0.754 | 0.064 | ||||||
Toilet type | |||||||||
Unimproved | ref | ||||||||
Improved | −0.010 | 0.882 | 0.068 | ||||||
No. people in household | |||||||||
No. people | 0.017 | 0.351 | 0.018 | ||||||
No. people squared | −0.001 | 0.208 | 0.000 | ||||||
No. under fives in household | |||||||||
No. under fives | 0.002 | 0.981 | 0.079 | ||||||
No. under fives squared | −0.003 | 0.770 | 0.010 | ||||||
Mother’s occupation | |||||||||
Wage employment | ref | ||||||||
Subsistence/own activites | 0.017 | 0.767 | 0.058 | ||||||
Partner’s occupation | |||||||||
Wage employment | ref | ||||||||
Subsistence/own activities | −0.042 | 0.501 | 0.062 | ||||||
Mother’s education | |||||||||
Some education | ref | ref | |||||||
No formal education | −0.132 | 0.019 | 0.056 | −0.133 | 0.011 | 0.052 | |||
Partner’s education | |||||||||
Some education | ref | ||||||||
No formal education | −0.077 | 0.180 | 0.057 | ||||||
Mother’s religion | |||||||||
Other | ref | ref | |||||||
Muslim | −0.252 | 0.010 | 0.097 | −0.292 | 0.001 | 0.089 | |||
Child’s age (months) | |||||||||
Child’s age | −0.018 | 0.003 | 0.006 | −0.019 | 0.001 | 0.005 | |||
Child’s age squared | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | |||
Child’s sex | |||||||||
Female | ref | ref | |||||||
Male | −0.107 | 0.007 | 0.039 | −0.090 | 0.017 | 0.038 | |||
Birth order | |||||||||
Birth order | 0.030 | 0.349 | 0.031 | ||||||
Birth order squared | −0.002 | 0.372 | 0.003 | ||||||
Intercept Constant | −0.366 | 0.000 | 0.059 | −0.404 | 0.160 | 0.287 | −0.271 | 0.460 | 0.366 |
R-squared | 0.008 | 0.056 | 0.054 | ||||||
F-test | 0.0001 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | ||||||