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Table 3 Association between malaria and clinical symptoms of pregnant women from Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana attending first visit of ANC care in MSF Mobile Clinics in 2015

From: High burden of malaria and anemia among tribal pregnant women in a chronic conflict corridor in India

Symptoms (n = 563)

Malaria Positive

Only HRP-II (isolated P.falciparum)

Both HRP-II and pLDH (either isolated P.falciparum or mixed malaria)

Prevalence ratio a

CI (95%)

p (χ2) b

Prevalence ratio a

CI (95%)

p (χ2) b

Prevalence ratio a

CI (95%)

p (χ2) b

1. Measured Fever

3.84

(3.13–4.79)

<0.01

2.45

(1.73–3.48)

<0.01

8.21

(5.17–13.02)

<0.01

2. History of fever

2.28

(1.62–3.21)

<0.01

2.28

(1.34–3.89)

0.01

2.32

(1.03–5.22)

0.05

3. Fever (history or measured)

4.05

(3.27–5.02)

<0.01

2.65

(1.90–3.69)

<0.01

9.02

(5.49–14.80)

<0.01

4. Weakness

0.86

(0.52–1.43)

0.55

0.90

(0.46–1.73)

0.74

0.81

(0.39–2.15)

0.67

5. Headache

1.33

(0.80–2.20)

0.29

1.24

(0.60–2.55)

0.57

1.53

(0.60–3.90)

0.38

6. Body pain

0.61

(0.42–0.87)

<0.01

0.61

(0.38–0.97)

0.03

0.62

(0.32–1.19)

0.14

7. Dizziness

0.42

(0.11–1.54)

0.13

0.66

(0.18–2.43)

0.51

N/A

N/A

0.17

8. Nausea or vomiting

0.69

(0.39–1.22)

0.18

0.53

(0.23–1.24)

0.12

1.01

(0.42–2.41)

0.98

9. Asymptomatic

0.57

(0.43–0.75)

<0.01

0.74

(0.52–1.05)

0.09

0.30

(0.16–0.56)

<0.01

  1. aUnadjusted ratios; bPearson chi-square