Low levels of viral suppression among refugees and host nationals accessing antiretroviral therapy in a Kenyan refugee camp

Mendelsohn, Joshua B.; Spiegel, Paul; Grant, Alison; Doraiswamy, Sathyanarayanan; Schilperoord, Marian; Larke, Natasha; Burton, John Wagacha; Okonji, Jully A.; Zeh, Clement; Muhindo, Bosco; Mohammed, Ibrahim M.; Mukui, Irene N.; Patterson, Njogu; Sondorp, Egbert; Ross, David A.

doi:10.1186/s13031-017-0111-3

Conflict and Health

Table 1 Socio-demographic characteristics of refugees and host nationals

From: Low levels of viral suppression among refugees and host nationals accessing antiretroviral therapy in a Kenyan refugee camp

Factor	Round One, all			Round One, ≥25 weeks on treatment			Round Two			Not included in Round Two
Factor	Refugee (n = 73)	Host (n = 86)	p-value	Refugee (n = 59)	Host (n = 72)	p-value	Refugee (n = 35)	Host (n = 43)	p-value	Refugee (n = 29)	Host (n = 36)	p-value
Age, median yrs (IQR)	36 (31, 41)	32 (27, 38)	0.02^a	37 (33, 43)	32 (27, 38)	0.001^a	36 (33, 41)	28 (24, 38)	0.02^a	39 (34, 43)	31 (27, 39)	0.04^a
Female gender	49 (67)	57 (66)	0.91	38 (64)	48 (67)	0.79	21 (60)	27 (63)	0.80	17 (71)	2 (72)	0.90
No earned income^c	63 (86)	70 (81)	0.41	49 (83)	57 (79)	0.57	28 (80)	33 (78)	0.73	21 (88)	24 (83)	0.63
Married/cohabiting	29 (40)	39 (45)	0.48	23 (39)	32 (44)	0.53	15 (43)	24 (56)	0.26	8 (33)	8 (28)	0.65
Nationality
Kenyan	0 (0)	86 (100)	<0.001^b	0 (0)	72 (100)	<0.001^b	0 (0)	43 (100)	<0.001^b	0 (0)	29 (100)	<0.001^b
Somali, Ethiopian, Eritrean^d	36 (49)	0 (0)		29 (49)	0 (0)		14 (40)	0 (0)		15 (63)	0 (0)
Sudanese	20 (27)	0 (0)		18 (31)	0 (0)		14 (18)	0 (0)		4 (17)	0 (0)
Rwandese, Congolese, Burundian	17 (23)	0 (0)		12 (20)	0 (0)		7 (20)	0 (0)		5 (21)	0 (0)
Travel for ≥1 continuous month in past year	8 (11)	22 (26)	0.02	7 (12)	20 (28)	0.03	3 (9)	8 (19)	0.21	4 (17)	12 (41)	0.05
Self-reported consistent adherence to medication schedule	51 (71)	72 (84)	0.05	44 (76)	60 (83)	0.29	26 (74)	38 (88)	0.11	18 (78)	22 (76)	0.84
Incorrect ART dosing	26 (36)	11 (13)	0.001	20 (34)	8 (11)	0.002	13 (37)	4 (9)	0.003	7 (29)	4 (14)	0.17
Time on ART, median wks (IQR)	147 (38, 264)	139 (39, 225)	0.65^a	202 (86, 270)	165 (96, 240)	0.25^a	192 (80, 268)	190 (120, 235)	0.59^a	208 (87, 275)	120 (56, 242)	0.29^a
Time from HIV diagnosis to ART, median wks (IQR)	8 (0, 44)	15 (1, 56)	0.26^a	4 (0, 23)	9 (0, 52)	0.11^a	1 (0, 13)	9 (0, 56)	0.04^a	10 (0, 67)	13 (1, 47)	0.86^a
Time in host country, median wks (IQR)	507 (234, 814)	–	–	525 (265, 886)	–	–	596 (309, 948)	–	–	506 (234, 809)	–	–

Values are numbers (%) unless otherwise stated; p-values are chi-square tests unless otherwise stated; IQR interquartile range
^aMann-Whitney two-sample statistic (Wilcoxon rank-sum test)
^bFisher’s exact test
^cNot including financial assistance provided within refugee camp
^dSomalis, Ethiopians, and Eritreans were grouped as Somalis often reported Ethiopian nationality to conceal identities

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ISSN: 1752-1505

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