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Table 2 Associations between militarization, human rights violations and health

From: Militarization, human rights violations and community responses as determinants of health in southeastern Myanmar: results of a cluster survey

Exposures to militarization

Health and human rights outcomes

 

Any household member reporting human rights violations

No household members reporting human rights violations

Unadjusted model

Adjusted model

 

exposed1

cases2

%

exposed3

cases4

%

PRR

95 % CI

PRR

95 % CI

Distance to base

 

1.3

1.14–1.48

-

-

Saw any armed group

354

133

37.6

109

15

13.8

3.39

1.53–7.55

1.13a

0.58–2.19

Saw MM Army

148

60

40.5

309

85

27.5

1.42

0.85–2.40

1.59a

0.92–2.75

Saw MM Army or BGF

179

69

38.5

278

76

27.3

1.41

0.84–2.39

1.6a

0.93–2.77

 

Any household member reporting forced labor

No household members reporting forced labor

Unadjusted model

Adjusted model

 

exposed

cases

%

exposed

cases

%

PRR

95 % CI

PRR

95 % CI

Distance to base

 

1.28

1.13–1.46

-

-

Saw any armed group

354

116

32.8

109

13

11.9

3.18

1.30–7.83

-

-

Saw MM Army

148

52

35.1

309

75

24.3

1.35

0.79–2.30

1.53a

0.86–2.72

Saw MM Army or BGF

127

61

48

330

118

35.8

1.39

0.81–2.38

1.57a

0.88–2.79

 

Moderate/Severe Household Hunger

Low Household Hunger

Unadjusted model

Adjusted model

 

exposed

cases

%

exposed

cases

%

PRR

95 % CI

PRR

95 % CI

Distance to base

 

1.22

0.99–1.49

-

-

Saw any armed group

351

50

14.2

108

7

6.5

1.86

0.74–4.73

2.06b

0.88–4.82

Saw MM Army

148

40

27

305

16

5.2

5.59

2.51–12.44

6.01b

2.73–13.25

Saw MM Army or BGF

178

42

23.6

275

14

5.1

5.2

2.28–11.89

5.69b

2.48–13.02

 

<10 months of adequate household food production

10–12 months of adequate household food production

Unadjusted model

Adjusted model

 

exposed

cases

%

exposed

cases

%

PRR

95 % CI

PRR

95 % CI

Distance to base

 

1.08

1.03–1.13

-

-

Saw any armed group

352

149

42.3

108

36

33.3

1.1

0.77–1.59

1.32b

0.72–2.41

Saw MM Army

147

51

34.7

307

132

43

0.72

0.48–1.07

-

-

Saw MM Army or BGF

178

60

33.7

276

123

44.6

0.7

0.46–1.05

0.78b

0.52–1.18

 

Any household member reported sick and unable to access treatment

No household member reported sick and unable to access treatment

Unadjusted model

Adjusted model

 

exposed

cases

%

exposed

cases

%

PRR

95 % CI

PRR

95 % CI

Distance to base

 

1.29

1.04–1.60

-

-

Saw any armed group

349

53

15.2

109

5

4.6

3.3

1.09–9.91

3.57b

1.27–10.02

Saw MM Army

147

44

29.9

305

13

4.3

8.89

3.91–20.15

11.4b

5.18–24.88

Saw MM Army or BGF

176

48

27.3

276

9

3.3

11.01

4.33–28.34

12.46b

5.06–30.69

 

Any member of the household reporting diarrhea

No member of the household reporting diarrhea

Unadjusted model

Adjusted model

 

exposed

cases

%

exposed

cases

%

PRR

95 % CI

PRR

95 % CI

Distance to base

 

1.15

1.05–1.27

-

-

Saw any armed group

1847

140

7.6

577

27

4.7

1.51

0.80–2.84

-

-

Saw MM Army

800

64

8

1596

102

6.4

1.13

0.58–2.19

-

-

Saw MM Army or BGF

950

69

7.3

1446

97

6.7

1.02

0.54–1.90

1.12b

0.60–2.10

  1. aadjusted for mountainous terrain
  2. badjusted for mountainous terrain, source of drinking water
  3. 1Number of households exposed to “militarization” e.g. saw any armed group
  4. 2Number of households that were exposed to militarization that also reported a human rights violation
  5. 3Number of households that were not exposed to any armed group
  6. 4Number of households not exposed to any armed group but that did report a human rights violation
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Conflict and Health

ISSN: 1752-1505