Table 5 Multi-level model of effect of armed conflict on language, personal-social, fine motor and gross motor development

Violence event rate (1^stquartile = ref.)

 2^nt quartile

0.8(0.4,1.7)

0.67

0.5(0.3,1.2)

0.15

0.5(0.2,1.4)

0.10

0.4(0.1,1.2)

0.11

 3^rt quartile

0.5(0.2,1.0)

0.05

0.3(0.1,0.8)

0.01

0.7(0.3,1.7)

0.43

0.6(0.2,1.7)

0.36

 4^th quartile

1.8(0.4,1.6)

0.52

0.4(0.2,0.9)

0.05

0.6(0.3,1.5)

0.33

0.6(0.2,1.7)

0.40

Average household income of the sub-district

1.0(0.9,1.0)

0.05

0.9(0.9,1.0)

0.43

0.9(0.9,1.0)

0.42

0.9(0.9,1.0)

0.89

Age group (12–23 months = ref.)

 24–35 months

1.3(0.6.2.8)

0.46

5.3 (1.7,16.7)

0.004

2.5(0.8,7.3)

0.10

2.4(0.7,7.9)

0.14

 36–47 months

4.0(2.0,8.1)

0.002

9.2 (3.0,28.1)

<0.001

4.6(1.7,12.9)

0.003

6.8(2.4,19.6)

<0.001

 48–60 months

3.8(1.8,8.0)

0.004

5.2 (1.6,16.6)

0.006

13.9(5.1,37.6)

<0.001

3.9(1.3,12.1)

0.17

Caregiver’s education (≤Primary School = ref.)

 > Primary

1.3(0.8,2.1)

0.32

0.7(0.4,1.3)

0.33

0.6(0.4,1.1)

0.09

1.2(0.6,2.3)

0.54

Household income (<Poverty line = ref.)

 ≥poverty line

0.7(0.4,1.1)

0.13

0.7(0.4,1.2)

0.21

0.5(0.2,1.1)

0.07

Ethnicity (Malay = ref.)

 Thai

0.3(0.2,0.7)

0.004

0.7(0.3,1.5)

0.33

0.5(0.2,1.1)

0.07

0.3(0.1,0.8)

0.03

Birth weight (≥ 2,500 g = ref.)

 <2,500 g

0.8(0.4,1.7)

0.61

1.0(0.5,2.3)

0.93

1.4(0.6,2.9)

0.44

0.9(0.4,2.5)

0.99

Stimulated by singing (Yes = ref.)

 No

2.1(1.1,3.8)

0.02

-

1.7(0.8,3.4)

0.14

-