Table 1 Demographic characteristics, child rearing and health status of the children (n = 498)
Characteristic | Frequency | Quartile level of the intensity of violence, n(%) | P-value** | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(%) | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | ||
(≤18.0)* | (18.1–33.5)* | (33.6–50.0)* | (>50.0*) | |||
Demographic characteristics | ||||||
Sex | 0.39 | |||||
Female | 240 (48.2) | 49 (41.9) | 69 (49.3) | 71 (55.0) | 51 (45.5) | |
Male | 258 (51.8) | 68 (58.1) | 71 (50.7) | 58 (45.0) | 61 (54.5) | |
Age group | 0.99 | |||||
12–23 months | 116 (23.3) | 28 (23.9) | 35 (25.0) | 30 (23.3) | 23 (20.5) | |
24–35 months | 127 (25.5) | 28 (23.9) | 38 (27.1) | 30 (23.3) | 31 (27.7) | |
36–47 months | 129 (25.9) | 31 (26.5) | 34 (24.3) | 36 (27.9) | 28 (25.0) | |
48–60 months | 126 (25.3) | 30 (25.6) | 33 (23.6) | 33 (25.6) | 30 (26.8) | |
Child rearing | ||||||
Exclusive BF‡ up to 6 months | 79 (16.0) | 16 (13.7) | 17 (12.2) | 23 (18.1) | 23 (20.9) | 0.02 |
Prolonged BF‡ longer than 12 months | 93 (19.7) | 19 (17.0) | 29 (22.5) | 21 (16.8) | 24 (22.9) | 0.88 |
Had complete immunization | 219 (44.8) | 66 (57.9) | 61 (43.6) | 54 (43.5) | 38 (34.2) | 0.02 |
Caregiver found to have depression | 208 (41.9) | 48 (41.0) | 53 (37.9) | 53 (41.4) | 54 (48.2) | 0.77 |
Developmental stimulation † | ||||||
Singing | 420 (84.3) | 98 (83.8) | 119 (85.0) | 113 (87.6) | 90 (80.4) | 0.69 |
Story telling | 353 (70.9) | 76 (65.0) | 101 (72.1) | 100 (77.5) | 76 (67.9) | 0.29 |
Reading | 444 (89.2) | 101 (86.3) | 131 (93.6) | 120 (93.0) | 92 (82.1) | 0.01 |
Group playing | 495 (99.4) | 116 (99.1) | 140 (100.0) | 129 (100.0) | 110 (98.2) | 0.17 |
Sick within 12 months | 0.81 | |||||
< 2 times | 102 (20.5) | 27 (23.1) | 25 (17.9) | 26 (20.2) | 24 (21.4) | |
2–5 times | 215 (43.2) | 54 (46.2) | 66 (47.1) | 50 (38.8) | 45 (40.2) | |
> 5 times | 181 (36.3) | 36 (30.8) | 49 (35.0) | 53 (41.1) | 43 (38.4) | |
Health problems within past 12 months † | ||||||
Parasitic infection | 212 (43.2) | 32 (27.8) | 58 (42.3) | 67 (51.9) | 55 (50.0) | < 0.001 |
Asthma | 130 (26.1) | 32 (27.4) | 34 (24.3) | 26 (20.2) | 38 (33.9) | 0.45 |
Admitted in past 12 months | 96 (19.3) | 26 (22.2) | 26 (18.6) | 15 (11.7) | 29 (25.9) | 0.002 |
>1-day illness in past 3 months | 146 (29.4) | 37 (31.6) | 46 (32.9) | 37 (28.9) | 26 (23.2) | 0.58 |