Table 2 Psychopathology in survivors and former prisoners of the Rwandan genocide and their respective descendants

PTSD

  Diagnosis % (n)

24.7 (22)

22.0 (18)

n.s.

15.5 (15)

1.1 (1)

χ²(1,188) = 12.4***

  Severity score M (SD)

10.2 (8.1)

11.1 (10.8)

U = 2753.0*

5.3. (8.3)

1.4 (3.8)

U = 2866.5***

  - Cluster: Intrusions

3.9 (4.0)

3.9 (4.4)

n.s.

2.0 (2.9)

.8 (1.8)

U = 3022.0***

  - Cluster: Avoidance

3.9 (4.6)

2.9 (4.3)

U = 2846.5*

1.8 (3.2)

.6 (1.8)

U = 3271.5***

  - Cluster: Arousal

2.8 (3.6)

1.9 (3.2)

U = 2797.0**

1.4 (2.8)

.2 (1.0)

U = 3228.5***

Anxiety

  Severity score M (SD)

17.2 (7.6)

15.4 (7.8)

U = 2951.0*

13.9 (5.5)

12.2 (4.7)

U = 3445.0**

Depression

  Severity score M (SD)

20.7 (7.8)

19.0 (6.4)

U = 2993.0*

17.1 (4.1)

16.1 (3.0)

U = 3759.0*

Alcohol Abuse % (n)

6.7 (6)

14.6 (12)

n.s.

2.1 (2)

3.3 (3)

n.s.

Drug Abuse % (n)

2.2 (2)

1.2 (1)

n.s.

1.0 (1)

1.1 (1)

n.s.

Suicidality % (n)

  None

75.3 (67)

92.7 (76)

χ²(1,172) = 9.4**

89.7 (87)

97.8 (89)

χ²(1,188) = 5.1*

  Low level

18.0 (16)

4.9 (4)

χ²(1,172) = 7.1**

7.2 (7)

2.2 (2)

n.s..

  Medium level

2.3 (2)

-

n.s.

1.0 (1

-

n.s.

  High level

4.5 (4)

2.4 (2)

n.s.

2.1 (2)

-

n.s.