Table 1 Sample characteristics
Survivors (n = 90) | Former prisoners (n = 83) | Statistics | Descendants of survivors (n = 97) | Descendants of former prisoners (n = 90) | Statistics | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender % (n) | ||||||
Male | 28.9 (26) | 90.2 (74) | χ2(1,172) = 66.4*** | 43.3 (42) | 50.5 (46) | n.s. |
Female | 71.1 (64) | 9.8 (8) | 56.7 (55) | 49.5 (45) | ||
Age | 51.6 (10.3, 30–77) | 53.9 (7.9, 34–81) | n.s. | 21.1 (5.9, 13–31) | 21.6 (5.8, 13–31) | |
Marital Status % (n) | ||||||
Single | 4.5 (4) | 1.2 (1) | n.s. | 91.8 (89) | 85.7 (78) | n.s. |
Married | 38.9 (35) | 82.9 (68) | χ2(3,172) = 34.6*** | 6.2 (6) | 13.2 (12) | n.s. |
Divorced/ Separated | 3.3 (3) | 4.9 (4) | n.s. | 2.0 (2) | 1.1 (1) | n.s. |
Widowed | 53.3 (48) | 11.0 (9) | χ2(3,172) = 34.7*** | - | - | |
Number of children M (SD, range) | 6.0 (2.76, 1–13) | 6.8 (2.63, 2–16) | U = 2971.5* | 0.3 (1.03, 0–5) | 0.3 (0.92, 0–6) | n.s. |
Years of Schooling M (SD, range) | 5.2 (3.48, 0–14) | 3.7 (3.28, 0–14) | U = 2811.5** | 6.71 (3.18, 0–16) | 5.42 (3.02, 0–17) | U = 3251.0** |
Highest degree obtained % (n) | ||||||
No degree | 48.9 (44) | 61.0 (50) | n.s. | 39.2 (38) | 58.2 (53) | χ2(2,188) = 6.8** |
Primary School | 46.7 (42) | 35.4 (29) | n.s. | 45.4 (44) | 34.1 (31) | n.s. |
Secondary School | 4.4 (4) | 3.6 (3) | n.s. | 15.4 (15) | 7.7 (7) | n.s. |
Possessions % (n) | ||||||
House | 93.3 (84) | 98.8 (81) | n.s. | n.a. | n.a. | |
Agricultural Field | 80.0 (72) | 96.3 (79) | χ2(1,172) = 10.7*** | n.a. | n.a. | |
Monthly Income M (SD, range) | 2922.2 (6849.5, 0–41.000) | 3695.1 (6051.6, 0–35.000) | n.s. | n.a. | n.a. | |
Social Integration | ||||||
Number of friends M (SD, range) | 4.3 (4.0, 0–20) | 4.9 (3.7, 0–20) | n.s. | 4.3 (4.5, 0–25) | 4.6 (3.6, 0–20) | n.s. |
Community activities % (n) | 94.4 (85) | 92.7 (76) | n.s. | n.a | n.a. | |
Memberships in cooperatives M (SD, range) | .7 (.8, 0–3) | .7 (.9, 0–5) | n.s. | n.a. | n.a. | |
Family members lost in 1994 M (SD, range) | 14 (1.6, 0–70) | 3 (.4, 0–24) | U = 1032.5*** | n.a. | n.a. | |
Displacement due to genocide % (n) | 98.9 (89) | 82.9 (68) | U = 13.7*** | n.a. | n.a. | |
Destination of displacement % (n) | n.a. | n.a. | ||||
Same district | 75.5 (68) | 15.9 (13) | χ2(1,172) = 61.4*** | n.a. | n.a. | |
Other district (Bugesera, Kibuye) | 23.3 (21) | 59.8 (49) | χ2(1,172) = 23.6*** | n.a. | n.a. | |
Foreign country (DRC) | - | 7.3 (6) | χ2(1,172) = 6.8** | n.a. | n.a. | |
Years spent in prison M (SD, range) | n.a. | 8.5 (4.4, .2-15.7) | n.a. | n.a. |