Table 1 Characteristics of the study population stratified by sex in the Somaliland Global Youth Tobacco Survey 2004
Factor | Total | Males | Females | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
n * (%)** | n * (%)** | n * (%)** | ||
Age | ||||
≤ 11 | 347 (22.9) | 211 (26.6) | 66 (14.1) | <0.001 |
12 | 307 (20.2) | 112 (13.8) | 144 (31.2) | |
13 | 129 (8.6) | 55 (6.9) | 31 (6.6) | |
14 | 103 (6.9) | 37 (4.7) | 40 (8.9) | |
15 | 142 (9.8) | 69 (9.2) | 41 (9.5) | |
16 | 192 (13.2) | 125 (16.5) | 54 (12.1) | |
17+ | 259 (18.2) | 167 (22.4) | 76 (17.7) | |
Sex | ||||
Male | 813 (63.3) | - | - | - |
Female | 472 (36.7) | - | - | - |
Frequency of antismoking media messages seen or heard | ||||
A lot | 835 (59.6) | 468 (61.1) | 288 (64.9) | <0.001 |
A few | 338 (25.1) | 186 (25.8) | 94 (21.7) | |
None | 210 (15.2) | 100 (13.2) | 59 (13.4) | |
Family member discussed harmful effects of smoking | ||||
Yes | 1045 (76.4) | 615 (81.7) | 309 (70.6) | <0.001 |
No | 327 (23.6) | 140 (18.3) | 130 (29.4) | |
Frequency of antismoking messages seen at sports events, fairs, concerts, community events or social gathering | ||||
A lot | 490 (34.5) | 266 (34.1) | 163 (37.5) | <0.001 |
Some | 281 (19.8) | 158 (20.5) | 68 (15.6) | |
None | 655 (35.8) | 354 (45.3) | 205 (46.8) | |
Taught dangers of smoking | ||||
Yes | 713 (50.9) | 404 (52.4) | 249 (55.3) | 0.008 |
No | 660 (49.1) | 351 (47.6) | 193 (44.7) | |
Taught that smoking makes teeth yellow, causes wrinkles and smokers smell badly | ||||
Yes | 738 (52.0) | 478 (60.6) | 179 (39.5) | <0.001 |
No | 657 (48.0) | 298 (39.4) | 264 (60.6) | |
Frequency of antismoking posters seen | ||||
A lot | 566 (40.5) | 314 (41.7) | 160 (36.4) | <0.001 |
Some | 339 (24.2) | 173 (23.0) | 111 (25.3) | |
None | 490 (35.3) | 266 (35.4) | 166 (38.3) | |
Frequency of antismoking messages seen on billboards | ||||
A lot | 641 (45.2) | 389 (50.3) | 167 (37.1) | <0.001 |
Some | 352 (24.7) | 166 (21.5) | 133 (29.2) | |
None | 419 (30.1) | 216 (28.2) | 148 (33.7) | |
Frequency of antismoking messages seen in newspapers or magazines | ||||
A lot | 516 (36.9) | 270 (35.7) | 179 (39.9) | <0.001 |
Some | 500 (36.7) | 282 (37.9) | 147 (34.3) | |
None | 372 (26.4) | 204 (26.4) | 117 (25.9) | |
Taught that most people of respondent's age do not smoke cigarettes | ||||
Yes | 630 (46.3) | 367 (49.5) | 178 (41.7) | <0.001 |
No | 753 (53.7) | 391 (50.5) | 255 (58.3) | |
Health professional explained why smoking is dangerous to health | ||||
Yes | 602 (46.7) | 352 (49.9) | 177 (41.5) | <0.001 |
No | 674 (53.3) | 348 (50.1) | 241 (58.5) | |
Religious organization discouraged young people from smoking | ||||
Yes | 990 (73.9) | 540 (74.7) | 322 (74.9) | 0.878 |
No | 358 (26.1) | 189 (25.3) | 110 (25.1) | |
Youth groups discouraged young people from smoking | ||||
Yes | 748 (58.9) | 453 (62.2) | 211 (53.6) | <0.001 |
No | 513 (41.1) | 272 (37.8) | 177 (46.4) | |
Current smoker | ||||
Yes | 183 (15.8) | 65 (10.3) | 37 (11.1) | 0.248 |
No | 939 (84.2) | 554 (89.7) | 283 (88.9) | |