Table 3 Significant multivariate associations between psychological distress (SRQ ≥ 12) and demographic variables, violent incidents (self-experience, witnessing), and personal consequences by gender (n = 510)

MALE SRQ ≥ 12

Currently not feeling safe

   No

1

   Yes

2.4**

1.3–4.4

0.007

Modesty being violated

   No

1

   Yes

3.3**

1.6–6.8

0.001

Being forced to move

   No

1

3.5***

1.7–7.1

<0.001

Being disabled

   No

1

   Yes

2.7*

1.2–5.9

0.015

FEMALE SRQ ≥ 12

Currently not feeling safe

   No

1

   Yes

1.9*

1.1–3.3

0.020

Being dependent for daily living

   No

1

   Yes

2.4**

1.3–4.8

0.007

Witnessed people being killed

   No

1

   Yes

1.9*

1.1–3.4

0.029

Witnessed people being tortured

   No

1

   Yes

2.1**

1.2–3.7

0.008