Table 3 Self-experienced violence by gender (n = 510)
From: Conflict in the Indian Kashmir Valley I: exposure to violence
Self-experienced | Since 1989 | |
|---|---|---|
Physically or mentally mistreated | 44.1% (225) | |
Since 1989 ≥ 5× | 18.6% (95) | |
Past 3 months | 3.9% (20) | |
Males | 59.3% | (P < .000; OR 3.9, CI: 2.7–5.7) |
Females | 27.1% | |
Forced labour | 33.7% (172) | |
Since 1989 ≥ 5× | 18.2% (95) | |
Past 3 months | 2.0% (10) | |
Males | 46.7% | (P < .000; OR 3.7, CI: 2.5–5.5) |
Females | 19.2% | |
Forced to house any of the parties | 18.4% (94) | |
Since 1989 ≥ 5× | 7.5% (38) | |
Past 3 months | 1.2% (6) | |
Males | 24.8% | (P < .000; OR 2.6, CI: 1.6–4.2) |
Females | 11.3% | |
Have you been arrested/kidnapped? | 16.9% (86) | |
Since 1989 ≥ 5× | 2.2% (11) | |
Past 3 months | 0.6% (2) | |
Males | 27.8% | (P < .000; OR 8.0, CI: 4.1–15.5) |
Females | 4.6% | |
Tortured during detention/hostage | 76.7% (66) | |
Since 1989 ≥ 5× | 15.1% (13) | |
Past 3 months | 1.2% (1) | |
Males | 78.7% | (P < .472; OR 2.1, CI: 0.6–8.1) |
Females | 63.6% | |
Violation of modesty | 11.6% (59) | |
Since 1989 ≥ 5× | 5.5% (28) | |
Past 3 months | 1.6% (8) | |
Males | 17. 0% | (P < .000; OR 3.6, CI: 1.9–6.8) |
Females | 5.4% | |
Injury | 5.5% (28) | |
Since 1989 ≥ 5× | 0.4% (2) | |
Past 3 months | 0.4% (2) | |
Males | 8.1% | (P < .009; OR 3.5, CI: 1.4–8.7) |
Females | 2.5% |