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Table 2 Largest 30 events according to mortality for natural disasters, complex emergencies and epidemics during the last decade (1995–2004) with concurrent events

From: Occurrence and overlap of natural disasters, complex emergencies and epidemics during the past decade (1995–2004)

 

Natural Disasters

Complex Emergencies

Epidemics

 

[Date/Country/Type/Mortality]

[Date/Country/Mortality]

[Date/Country/Type/Mortality]

 

[Linked CE/Epidemic]

[Linked Nat Dis/Epidemic]

[Linked Nat Dis/CE]

1

1995–2002; Korea Dem P Rep; Famine; 220,000 to 2,500,000

1965-Present; Colombia; >42,000

1995; Niger; Meningitis; 3,022

  

Nat Dis (Earthquakes, Floods)

 

2

1995; Japan; Earthquake; 5,297

1975–2002; Angola; 1,500,000

1996; Nigeria, Niger, Burkina Faso; Meningitis; 8,945

  

Nat Dis (Drought, Floods, Landslides); Epidemic (Meningitis)

 

3

1995; Russia; Earthquake; 1,989

1976-Present; Indonesia; >1,600

1996; Nigeria; Cholera; 1,193

  

Nat Dis (Earthquakes, Floods, Tsunami); Epidemic (Arbovirus, Dengue)

 

4

1995; India; Flood; 1,479

1980–1999; Peru; >28,000

1996; Zimbabwe; Malaria; 1,311

  

Nat Dis (Floods, Landslides)

 

5

1996; China P Rep; Flood; 2,775

1983–2002; Sri Lanka; >64,000

1996; Sudan; Cholera; 700

  

Nat Dis (Floods, Tsunami)

CE

6

1997; Iran Islam Rep; Earthquake; 1,728

1989–1998; Iraq; >6,000

1997; Burkina Faso, Ghana, Mali, Niger, Gambia, Senegal, Togo, Benin, Rwanda; Meningitis; 4,498

7

1997; Somalia; Flood; 2,311

1989–2003; Liberia; >2,300

1997; Guinea Bissau; Cholera; 781

 

CE; Epidemic (Cholera)

Nat Dis (Floods); Epidemic (Cholera, Shigellosis, Yellow Fever)

CE

8

1997; Viet Nam; Typhoon; 3,682

1983-Present; Sudan; >3,000,000

1997; Indonesia; Malaria; 550

  

Nat Dis (Floods, Wildfires); Epidemic (Diarrhea, Meningitis)

Nat Dis (Drought)

9

1998; Afghanistan; Earthquake; 2,323

1984-Present; Turkey; >30,000

1997; Mozambique; Cholera; 822

 

CE; Epidemic (Arbovirus)

Nat Dis (Earthquakes, Floods)

 

10

1998; Afghanistan; Earthquake; 4,700

1989-Present; Pakistan; 27,000

1998; Tanzania; Cholera; 2,025

 

CE; Epidemic (Cholera)

Nat Dis (Floods)

CE

11

1998; India; Heat Wave; 2,541

1989-Present; India; 27,000

1998; Uganda; Cholera; 1,777

  

Nat Dis (Cyclones, Floods)

Nat Dis (Floods); CE

12

1998; Papua New Guinea; Tsunami; 2,182

1989-Present; Philippines**; 21,000–25,000

1998; Indonesia; Dengue; 1,449

  

Nat Dis (Floods, Landslides); Epidemic (Cholera)

Nat Dis (Drought)

13

1998; India; Cyclone; 2,871

1990–2004; Rwanda; >800,000

1998; Democratic Republic of Congo; Malaria/Cholera; 778

  

Nat Dis (Floods); Epidemic (Cholera, Meningitis)

CE

14

1998; China P Rep; Flood; 3,656

1990-Present; Algeria; 100,000–150,000

1998; Tanzania; Malaria; 590

 

Epidemic (Cholera)

Nat Dis (Earthquakes, Floods)

CE

15

1998; Mali; Famine; 3,615

1991–2002; Sierra Leone; >10,000

1998; India; Cholera; 679

  

Nat Dis (Flood, Windstorm); Epidemic (Arbovirus, Diarrhea, Meningitis)

Nat Dis (Cyclone, Heat Wave)

16

1998; India; Flood; 1,811

1991–2003; Burundi; >6,800

1998; Sudan; Diarrheal; 1,373

  

Nat Dis (Floods); Epidemic (Cholera, Malaria)

Nat Dis (Flood); CE

17

1998; Honduras, Nicaragua, Guatemala, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Belize; Hurricane; 18,799

1991-Present; Somalia; >60,000

1998; Mozambique; Cholera; 619

 

Epidemic (Cholera, Leptospirosis, Malaria)

Nat Dis (Drought, Floods, Tsunami); Epidemic (Cholera, Measles, Meningitis)

 

18

1999; Turkey; Earthquake; 17,127

1992–1997; Tajikistan; 21,000

1999; Sudan; Meningitis; 1,600

 

CE

Epidemic (Typhoid)

Nat Dis (Floods); CE

19

1999; Taiwan (China); Earthquake; 2,264

1993–2003; Afghanistan; >30,000

1999; Kenya; Malaria; 563

  

Nat Dis (Earthquakes, Landslides); Epidemic (Measles, Cholera, Pertussis)

 

20

1999; India; Cyclone; 9,843

1994-Present; Democratic Republic of Congo; >3,000,000

2000; Afghanistan; Measles; 1,200

  

Nat Dis (Volcano Eruptions, Floods); Epidemic (Diarrhea, Plague, Measles, Arbovirus, Respiratory illness outbreaks)

CE

21

1999; Venezuela; Flood; 30,000

1994-Present; Russia (Chechnya); 20,000–71,000

2000; Chad; Meningitis; 602

  

Nat Dis (Flood)

CE

22

2001; India; Earthquake; 20,005

1995, 2002-Present; Cote d'Ivoire; 1,254

2000; Madagascar; Cholera; 1,226

  

Nat Dis (Floods); Epidemic (Cholera, Meningitis, Yellow Fever)

Nat Dis (Cyclone)

23

2002; China P Rep; Flood; 1,532

1996-Present; Nepal; 6,400

2001; Burkina Faso, Benin, Central African Republic, Chad, Ethiopia, Niger; Meningitis; 3,338

  

Nat Dis (Floods, Landslides); Epidemic (Encephalitis)

CE (Chad)

24

2003; Algeria; Earthquake; 2,266

1995-Present; Uganda; >3,500

2002; Malawi; Cholera; 609

  

Nat Dis (Flood, Drought, Windstorm); Epidemic (Cholera, Ebola)

Nat Dis (Drought, Floods)

25

2003; France, Italy, Germany, United Kingdom, Portugal, Netherlands; Heat Wave; 37,451

1997–2002; Chad; >6,000

2002; Burkina Faso, Niger, Nigeria, DRC, Sudan, Guinea, Mali, Senegal, Burundi, Cote d'Ivoire, Benin, Togo, Rwanda; Meningitis; 2,260

  

Nat Dis (Floods); Epidemic (Meningitis)

CE (Burundi, Cote d'Ivoire, DRC, Sudan)

26

2003; Iran Islam Rep; Earthquake; 26,796

1998–1999; Guinea-Bissau; 1,700

2002; Madagascar; Influenza; 671

  

Nat Dis (Floods, Drought, Wildfires); Epidemic (Cholera, Meningitis)

Nat Dis (Cyclone)

27

2004; Haiti; Flood; 2,665

1998–1999; Yugoslavia (Kosovo); >5,000

2002; Democratic Republic of Congo; Influenza; 2,593

 

CE

 

CE

28

2004; Haiti; Hurricane; 2,754

1998–2000; Ethiopia; 50,000–100,000

2003; Burkina Faso, Niger; Meningitis; 1,253

 

CE

Nat Dis (Floods); Epidemic (Meningitis, Yellow Fever)

 

29

2004; Philippines; Tropical Storm; 1,619

1998–2000; Eritrea; 50,000–100,000

2004; Burkina Faso, Nigeria; Meningitis; 573

 

CE

  

30

2004; Indonesia (Aceh), Sri Lanka, India, Thailand, Maldives, Somalia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines; Tsunami; 280,958

2000–2002; Guinea; >1,000

2004; Indonesia; Dengue; 658

 

CE (Indonesia, Somalia, Sri Lanka); Epidemic (Tetanus)

Nat Dis (Flood); Epidemic (Cholera, Yellow Fever)

CE