Telemedicine interventions in six conflict-affected countries in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean region: a systematic review

Table 3 Technology used by telemedicine interventions to enable communication between remote providers, local providers and patients

Technology	Conflict setting	Author	Specialty	Transmission type
Electronic referral system
iPath	Afghanistan	Fritz et al. [45]	Pathology	SAF
Email	Afghanistan	Ismail et al. [46]	Dermatopathology	SAF
Email	Afghanistan	Ismail et al. [32]	Dermatology	SAF
Electronic medical records database	Iran (Afghan refugees)	Rezaian et al. [36]	Rheumatology	SAF
Virtualdoc	Afghanistan	Sayani et al. [49]	Various	SAF
Email (via AutoRouter)	Afghanistan and Iraq	Patterson et al. [35]	Various	SAF
Email	Iraq	Swinfen et al. [41]	Various	SAF
Email	Iraq	Belman et al. [30]	Radiology	SAF
Iterapy	Iraq	Knaevelsrud et al. [48]	Mental health	SAF
Iterapy	Iraq	Wagner et al. [47]	Mental health	SAF
Email	Iraq	AbdGhani et al. [50]	Not stated	SAF
Collegium Telemedicus	Syria	Jefee-Bahloul et al. [43]	Mental health	SAF
Horos, OsiriX Lite	Syria	Moughrabieh et al. [39]	Intensive care	SAF
Collegium Telemedicus	Syria	Almoshmosh et al. [27]	Mental health	SAF
Email	Yemen	Al-Kamel et al. [37]	Dermatology	SAF
Social media application
Skype	Syria	Al-Makki et al. [44]	Nephrology	RT
Facebook, WhatsApp, Viber, Google Hangout	Syria	Alrifai et al. [38]	Cardiology	SAF + RT
Facebook, WhatsApp, Telegram	Syria	Masrani et al. [29]	Radiology	SAF
Facebook, Skype	Syria	Ghbeis et al. [31]	Intensive care	SAF + RT
Skype	Syria	Jefee-Bahloul et al. [33]	Mental health	RT
Skype, WhatsApp, Viber, Google Hangout	Syria	Moughrabieh et al. [39]	Intensive care	SAF + RT
Facebook, WhatsApp, SMS, phone calling	Yemen	Al-Kamel et al. [37]	Dermatology	SAF + RT
Skype, telegram	Iran (Afghan refugees)	Rezaian et al. [36]	Rheumatology	SAF + RT

ISSN: 1752-1505