Table 1 Socio-demographic characteristics and association with psychological distress
Psychological distress | No psychological distress | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 133 | N = 216 | |||
n (%) | n (%) | |||
Maternal/Obstetric factors | ||||
Age | <= 19 years | 18 (14) | 50 (23) | 0.073 |
20–24 years | 42 (32) | 71 (33) | ||
25–29 years | 36 (27) | 54 (25) | ||
30+ years | 37 (28) | 41 (19) | ||
Education | No education | 73 (55) | 124 (57) | 0.154 |
1–5 years | 30 (23) | 32 (15) | ||
6+ years | 30 (23) | 60 (28) | ||
Infant death | Any infant death | 14 (11) | 11 (5) | 0.056 |
Pregnancy loss | Any pregnancy loss | 49 (37) | 44 (20) | 0.001 |
Primigravida | First pregnancy | 20 (15) | 82 (38) | <0.001 |
Duration of pregnancy | 1st trimester | 15 (11) | 25 (12) | 0.994 |
2nd trimester | 52 (39) | 85 (39) | ||
3rd trimester | 66 (50) | 106 (49) | ||
Family factors | ||||
Husband’s education | No education | 40 (30) | 75 (35) | 0.510 |
1–5 years | 25 (19) | 32 (15) | ||
6+ years | 68 (51) | 109 (51) | ||
Family size | ≥2 children younger than 7 years old | 40 (30) | 33 (15) | 0.001 |
Family structure | Nuclear family | 27 (20) | 15 (7) | <0.001 |
Socioeconomic factors | ||||
Husband’s employment | Regular employment | 32 (24) | 78 (36) | 0.145 |
Subsistence farming | 6 (5) | 12 (6) | ||
Working on daily wages | 64 (48) | 83 (38) | ||
Self employed | 26 (20) | 33 (15) | ||
Unemployed | 5 (4) | 10 (5) | ||
Husband living away | ≥6 months/year from home | 16 (12) | 34 (16) | 0.337 |
Financial Empowerment | Not empowered | 74 (56) | 94 (44) | 0.028 |
Socioeconomic status by LHW | High | 20 (15) | 45 (21) | 0.348 |
Middle | 44 (33) | 72 (33) | ||
Low | 69 (52) | 99 (46 | ||